Chapter 13 - The Rise of a Mass Democracy, 1824-1840 Flashcards
Andrew Jackson
Presidential candidate in 1824 and winner in 1828
Henry Clay
Losing presidential candidate in 1824; Speaker of the House who got Adams elected; made plan to reduce Tariff of 1824 to 1816 levels over 10 years
John Quincy Adams
winning presidential candidate in 1824; created the Corrupt Bargain with Clay
King Caucus
Beginning in 1796, caucuses of the political parties’ congressional delegations met informally to nominate their presidential and vice presidential candidates, leaving the general public with no direct input. This early nomination system—dubbed “King Caucus” by its critics—evoked widespread resentment.
Corrupt Bargain
The charge make by Jacksonians in 1825 that Clay had supported John Quincy Adams in the House presidential vote in return for the office of Secretary of State. Clay knew he could not win, so he traded his votes for an office.
Old Hickory
Nickname for Andrew Jackson, due to his toughness and rigidity.
Mudslinging
slanderous political tactics in election time
Rachel Robards
Wife of Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the United States.
Inaugural Brawl
Jackson’s inaugural ball; he allowed anyone to come and had to flee b/c a riot ensued
King Mob
nickname given to Jackson’s first term
Spoils System
“To the victor go the spoils” - the winner of the election may do whatever they want with the staff, and they usually rewarded party loyalty with jobs, and fired the opposition. Jackson made more staff changes than any previous president, firing many people and replacing them with his own.
Tariff of Abominations (of 1828)
1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state’s rights. It passed because New England favored high tariffs.
Denmark Vesey
A mulatto who inspired a group of slaves to seize Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, but one of them betrayed him and he and his thirty-seven followers were hanged before the revolt started.
Nullies
People who believed each state in the union could counter the tyranny of the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress. They support Vice President Calhoun’s South Carolina Exposition, which was written in reaction to the Tariff of 1828, which he said placed the Union in danger and stripped the South of its rights.
Tariff of 1833
compromise tariff that reduced the rates of the Tariff of 1828; drafted by Clay
Force Bill
1833 - The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. South Carolina’s ordinance of nullification had declared these tariffs null and void, and South Carolina would not collect duties on them. The Force Act was never invoked because it was passed by Congress the same day as the Compromise Tariff of 1833, so it became unnecessary. South Carolina also nullified the Force Act.
Cherokees
First Americans tribes that tried to assimilate into American society
Five Civilized Tribes
refers to five Native American nations—the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. These are the first five tribes that Anglo-European settlers generally considered to be “civilized” according to their own world view, because these five tribes adopted attributes of the colonists’ culture, for example, Christianity, centralized governments, literacy, market participation, written constitutions, intermarriage with white Americans, and plantation slavery practices.
Indian Removal Act/Trail of Tears
A minority of the Cherokee tribe, despite the protest of the majority, had surrendered their Georgia land in the 1835 Treaty of New Echota. During the winter of 1838 - 1839, troops under General Winfield Scott evicted them from their homes in Georgia and moved them to Oklahoma Indian country. Many died on the trail; the journey became known as the “Trail of Tears”.