Chapter 39 - The Stalemated Seventies, 1968-1980 Flashcards
Productivity
Slumped after the economic boom 25 years after WWI
Inflation
Fed by rising oil prices and Great Society/Vietnam funding w/o tax increases
Liberal Establishment
Nixon thought they hid him from the public in the 50s
Vietnamization
Withdrawing 540k troops from South Vietnam, while training Vietnamese to fight
Silent Majority
Supposed majority who supported the war, appealed to by Nixon
Nattering Nabobs of Negativism
Unleashed upon by VP Agnew, demanded withdrawal from Vietnam
My Lai
Deepened disgust w/ war, a village full of innocents was massacred by American troops
Cambodia
Nixon ordered troops to help SV to clear out troops in NV and VC major base
Kent State University
Where Natl Gaurd fired into crowd protesting Cambodian invasion
Twenty-sixth Amendment
Lowered voting age to 18, pleased youth
Pentagon Papers
Leaked to NYT, Pentagon study over failures of Kennedy/Johnson
Daniel Ellsberg
released the Pentagon Papers
Henry Kissinger
Natl Security Adviser; met with Nixon in Paris to negotiate end of war, prepared path to Beijing, Moscow
Détente
Period of relaxed tension between RU/CH
ABM Treaty
Limited US and USSR to two clusters of defensive missiles
SALT Treaty
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, aimed to freeze # of long-range missiles
MIRVs
Multiple independently targeted reentry vehicles, many weapons on one vehicle
Judicial Activism -
Series of decisions drastically and directly affecting the individual
Miranda
Ensured right to remain silent and other protections when accused
Engel v. Vitale
Prohibited required prayers, bible reading in schools
Warren Berger
Succeeded Earl Warren in 1969
Roe v. Wade
Legalized abortion
Aid to Families with Dependent Children -
Welfare program approved by Nixon
Reverse Discrimination
Belief held by criticizers of new opportunities for minorities/women
Environmental Protection Agency
Wanted to make sure environment was not being polluted
Occupational Health and Safety Administration
Made factories have stricter office rules/restrictions for safety
Silent Spring
Rachel Carson; exposed poisonous effects of pesticides
Clean Air Act
Led EPA and OSHA to the front of the battle for ecological safety; reduced automobile emissions and cleaned up toxic waste
Endangered Species Act
Led EPA and OSHA to the front of the battle for ecological safety; protected endangered animals
Southern Strategy
NIxon’s election strategy based around appealing to the racist elements of the South that were turned off by the Civil Rights Act passed by LBJ, a Democrat.
George McGovern
Demo Nom. in 1972; got antiwar/minority support, but alienated traditional working class
War Powers Act
Passed over Nixon veto; required President to report to Congress within 48 hours of committing troops to foreign conflict
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; in Middle East
Watergate
June 17, 1972, five men arrested when caught planting ‘bugs’ in Demo. HQ
CREEP
Republican Committee for Re-election of the President, major player in Watergate
Enemies List
Harassed by IRS under Nixon; all innocent
Plumbers
Name given to the special investigations committee established along with CREEP in 1971. Its job was to stop the leaking of confidential information to the public and press.
John Dean -
served s white house council under Nixon and was deeply involved in the watergate scandal.
Executive Privilege
the privilege, claimed by the president for the executive branch of the US government, of withholding information in the public interest.
Gerald Ford
Vice president to Nixon after Spiro Agnew had to resign due to corruption
Saturday Night Massacre
The Saturday Night Massacre was the term used by political commentators to refer to U.S. President Richard Nixon’s dismissal of independent special prosecutor Archibald Cox
Title IX
Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 is a federal law that states: “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”
ERA
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for all citizens regardless of gender; it seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters.
Desegregation
the ending of a policy of racial segregation
white flight
White people moving from cities to Suburbs
affirmative action
an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.
United States v. Wheeler
United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the Double Jeopardy Clause does not bar the federal prosecution of a Native American (Indian) who has already been prosecuted by the tribe.
Jimmy Carter
39th president of the United States
Anwar Sadat
third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.
Menachem Begin
Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel
Camp David Accords
signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David
Shah of Iran
Mohammad Rezā Pahlavi was the Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979
Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982
SALT II
The first agreements, known as SALT I and SALT II, were signed by the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1972 and 1979, respectively, and were intended to restrain the arms race in strategic (long-range or intercontinental) ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons.
Ayatollah Khomeini
Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher, revolutionary and politician
Afghanistan
Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan; this action ended a decade of improving US-Soviet relations
Hostage Crisis
The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States. Fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981