Chapter 20 - Girding for War: The north and the South, 1861-1865 Flashcards
Fort Sumter
Sea fort in Charleston, South Carolina. Civil War started with a battle here. One of the two significant forts in the South that still flew their stars and stripes.
Col. Robert Anderson
was a United States Army officer during the American Civil War. To many, he was a hero who defied the Confederacy and upheld Union honor in the first battle of the American Civil War at Fort Sumter in April 1861.
Border States
They were laves states that did not secede from the Union. The border states are: Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia.
Billy Yank
the personification of the Northern states of the United States, or less generally, the Union during the American Civil War
Johnny Reb
personification of the Southern states of the United States, or less generally, the Confederacy during the American Civil War.
Robert E. Lee
Robert Edward Lee was an American general known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Confederate general during the American Civil War, and the best-known Confederate commander after General Robert E. Lee.
King Cotton
King Cotton, phrase frequently used by Southern politicians and authors prior to the American Civil War, indicating the economic and political importance of cotton production.
King Wheat
Term for the economic and political importance of wheat production.
King Corn
Phrase used when it became the political and economic dominance over King Cotton
Trent
Diplomatic incident during the American Civil War that threatened war between the United States and the United Kingdom. The US Navy illegally captured two confederate diplomats from a British ship, but were later released.
Alabama
Seceded from the United States on January 11, 1861. Provided troops, food, and horses for the Confederate States during the Civil War.
Laird Rams
The Laird rams were two ships secretly funded and constructed at Birkenhead, England on behalf of the Confederacy between 1862-1862.
Napoleon III
Didn’t want a war with the United States because he knew it would “spell disaster” and France need cotton.
Maximilian
Emperor of Mexico during the American Civil War.
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States
States Rights
The struggle between the federal government and the states over political power. The main issue was the institution of slavery.
Abraham Lincoln
16th President Of The United States. Served from 1861-1865. Was assassinated by James Wilkes Booth in April, 1865.
Habeas Corpus
The legal procedure that keeps the government from holding you indefinitely without showing cause.
Three-hundred-dollar-men
men who purchased exemption from the draft in the Civil War
bounty jumpers
men who avoided the draft
Income Tax
percentage of one’s paycheck that is given to the government; first put in place in the North during the Civil War
Morrill Tariff Act
Northern tariff that increased the previous one 5-10%
Greenbacks
Union printed money
National Banking Act
established a system of national banks for banks, and created the United States National Banking System. They encouraged development of a national currency backed by bank holdings of U.S. Treasury securities.
Inflation
plague of greenback and Confederate money during the Civil War
“Shoddy” Wool
Fabric made from wool-processing byproduct, that was cheap in quality and sold at high prices to soldiers by war profiteers.
Elizabeth Blackwell
an abolitionist, women’s rights activist, and the first female doctor in the United States
Clara Barton
Nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross
Dorothea Dix
A New England teacher and author who spoke against the inhumane treatment of insane prisoners, ca. 1830’s. People who suffered from insanity were treated worse than normal criminals. Dorothea Dix traveled over 60,000 miles in 8 years gathering information for her reports, reports that brought about changes in treatment, and also the concept that insanity was a disease of the mind, not a willfully perverse act by an individual.
