Chapter 25 - America Moves to the Cities, 1865-1900

Question 1

Louis Sullivan

Answer 1

Chicago architect who contributed to the development of the skyscraper with his principle “form follows function”

Question 2

Walking Cities

Answer 2

An early form of the city that had little or no public transportation. Most people walked to work, and houses were clustered around factories or apartment buildings. Neighborhoods were jumbled together and mansions were sometimes just down the block from tenements.

Question 3

Department Stores

Answer 3

attracted urban middle class-shoppers and provided working-class jobs (many for women); consumerism and showed class division; examples are Macy’s and Marshall Field’s

Question 4

Tenements

Answer 4

Urban apartment buildings that served as housing for poor factory workers. Often poorly constructed and overcrowded

Question 5

Birds of Passage

Answer 5

those who worked in America for a number of years and after earning a decent amount of money, they would travel back to their home country

Question 6

Padron

Answer 6

labor boss; met immigrants and secured jobs wherever there was a demand for industrial labor; could speak both Italian and English; often gave homes to newcomers

Question 7

Political Bosses

Answer 7

Influential politicians who demanded payoffs from business and helped the poor to try to win votes.

Question 8

Social Gospel

Answer 8

Movement led by Washington Gladden - taught religion and human dignity would help the middle class over come problems of industrialization.

Question 9

Jane Addams

Answer 9

established Hull House, the most prominent American settlement house. Addams condemned war as well as poverty. Hull House offered instruction in English, counseling to help immigrants deal with American big-city life, childcare services for working mothers, and cultural activities for neighborhood residents.

Question 10

Hull House

Answer 10

the most prominent American settlement house; it offered instruction in English, counseling to help immigrants deal with American big-city life, childcare services for working mothers, and cultural activities for neighborhood residents.

Question 11

Settlement Houses

Answer 11

Lillian Wald established Henry Street Settlement in New York in 1893. The settlement houses became centers of women’s activism and of social reform., neighborhood centers in poor areas that offered education, recreation, and social activities

Question 12

Florence Kelley

Answer 12

was a lifelong fighter for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers. The pioneering work of Addams, Wald, and Kelley helped to create the trail that many women later followed into careers in the new profession of social work. The urban frontier opened new possibilities for women. The vast majority of working women were single due to the fact that society considered employment for wives and mothers taboo

Question 13

Nativists

Answer 13

worried that the original Anglo-Saxon population would soon be outnumbered and outvoted; considered eastern and southern European immigrants inferior to themselves. They blamed the immigrants for the dreadful conditions of urban government, and unionists attacked the immigrants for their willingness to work for small wages.

Question 14

Anglo-Saxon

Answer 14

the white people who lived in america

Question 15

American Protective Association

Answer 15

Created in 1887, it urged to vote against Roman Catholic candidates for office.

Question 16

Statue of Liberty

Answer 16

A gift from the people of France displayed in the New York Harbor

Question 17

Salvation Army

Answer 17

“soldiers without swords” invaded america from England in 1879 and established a beachhead on the street corners. Appealing to he down and outers; did much practical good especially with free soup

Question 18

YMCA

Answer 18

established before the civil war but grew after. Combined physical and other kinds of education with religious instruction, and appeared in virtually every major american city by the end of the 19th century

Question 19

Charles Darwin

Answer 19

Scientist that studied and introduced widely the idea of evolution to society.

Question 20

Origin of the Species

Answer 20

1859 Published by Charles Darwin stated that humans had slowly evolved from lower forms of life. The theory of evolution cast serious doubt on the idea of religion

Question 21

Fundamentalists

Answer 21

stood firmly in their beliefs of God and religion, despite the introduction of Darwin’s research, and in fact condemned those who believed in it

Question 22

Modernists

Answer 22

flatly refused to accept the Bible in its entirety due to Darwin’s research

Question 23

Normal Schools

Answer 23

teacher-training schools and experienced great expansion after civil war.

Question 24

Kindergarten

Answer 24

teaching to younger children; gained strong support

Question 25

Chautauqua

Answer 25

an adult education movement in the United States, highly popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 26

Booker T. Washington

Answer 26

The leading champion of black education; ex-slave; He taught in 1881 at the black normal and industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. His self-help approach to solving the nation’s racial problems was labeled “accommodationist” because it stopped short of directly challenging white supremacy; avoided the issue of social equality.

Question 27

Tuskegee Institute

Answer 27

George Washington Carver taught and researched here; trained young blacks in agriculture and the trades

Question 28

Accommodationist

Answer 28

Term given to Booker T. Washington’s method of solving race issues–he helped blacks by promoting their economic value but not challenging white supremacy

Question 29

George Washington Carver

Answer 29

A black chemist and director of agriculture at the Tuskegee Institute, where he invented many new uses for peanuts. He believed that education was the key to improving the social status of blacks.

Question 30

W.E.B. Dubois

Answer 30

attacked Booker T. Washington because Washington condemned the black race to manual labor and perpetual inferiority; fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP

Question 31

NAACP

Answer 31

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People helped to form by Du Bois

Question 32

Vassar

Answer 32

A highly selective, residential, liberal arts college located in the heart of the Hudson Valley in New York State - made primarily for women.

Question 33

Howard

Answer 33

Established in 1867, Howard University is a federally chartered, private, doctoral university, classified as a high research activity institution. Established as a black college.

Question 34

Morrill Act

Answer 34

passed after the Southern states had seceded, provided a generous grant of the public lands to the states for support of education.

Question 35

Land Grant Colleges

Answer 35

Are institutions of higher education in the United States that have been designated by each state to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890

Question 36

Hatch Act

Answer 36

extended the Morrill Act and provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in connection with the land-grant colleges. Millionaires and tycoons donated generously to the educational system.

Question 37

Joseph Pulitzer

Answer 37

was a leader in the techniques of sensationalism in St. Louis.

Question 38

William Randolph Hearst

Answer 38

built up a chain of newspapers beginning with the San Francisco Examiner in 1887.

Question 39

Yellow Journalism

Answer 39

Yellow journalism, or the yellow press, is a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines …

Question 40

Edward Bellamy

Answer 40

Edward Bellamy was an American author and socialist, most famous for his utopian novel, Looking Backward, a tale set in the distant future of the year 2000.

Question 41

Dime Novels

Answer 41

The dime novel is a form of late 19th-century and early 20th-century U.S. popular fiction issued in series of inexpensive paperbound editions. The term dime novel has been used as a catchall term for several different but related forms, referring to dime novels, story papers, five- and ten-cent weeklies, “thick book” reprints, and sometimes early pulp magazines

Question 42

Walt Whitman

Answer 42

poet, essayist, and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works.

Question 43

Mark Twain

Answer 43

Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher and lecturer.

Question 44

Jack London

Answer 44

American novelist, journalist, and social activist. A pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction

Question 45

Victoria Woodhull

Answer 45

Victoria Claflin Woodhull, later Victoria Woodhull Martin was an American leader of the woman’s suffrage movement. In 1872, Woodhull ran for President of the United States.

Question 46

Anthony Comstock

Answer 46

Anthony Comstock was a United States Postal Inspector and politician dedicated to ideas of Victorian morality.

Question 47

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Answer 47

Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a prominent American feminist, sociologist, novelist, writer of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction, and a lecturer for social reform.

Question 48

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 48

American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women’s sufferage movement. Organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention and the National Woman Suffrage Association

Question 49

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 49

Susan Brownell Anthony was an American social reformer and women’s rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women’s suffrage movement.

Question 50

Carrie Chapman Catt -

Answer 50

A Key coordinator of the woman suffrage movement and skillful political strategist.

Question 51

National Women Suffrage Association

Answer 51

The National Association was created in response to a split in the American Equal Rights Association over whether the woman’s movement should support the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Its founders, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, opposed the Fifteenth Amendment unless it included the vote for women

Question 52

Ida B. Wells

Answer 52

A muckraker who attacked The Standard Oil monopoly through her writing.

Question 53

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Answer 53

An active temperance organization that was among the first organizations of women devoted to social reform with a program that “linked the religious and the secular through concerted and far-reaching reform strategies based on applied Christianity.It was influential in the temperance movement, and supported the 18th Amendment.

Question 54

Carrie Nation, Anti-Saloon League

Answer 54

American woman who was a radical member of the temperance movement, which opposed alcohol before the advent of Prohibition. She is particularly noteworthy for attacking alcohol-serving establishments (most often taverns) with a hatchet.

Question 55

18th Amendment

Answer 55

Prohbited the sale, consumption, and manufacturing of alcoholic beverages within the United States

Question 56

Clara Barton

Answer 56

Clarissa “Clara” Harlowe Barton was a pioneering nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and patent clerk.

Question 57

Metropolitan Opera House -

Answer 57

An opera house located on Broadway at Lincoln Square in the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City.

Question 58

Columbian Exposition

Answer 58

The World’s Columbian Exposition (the official shortened name for the World’s Fair: Columbian Exposition, also known as The Chicago World’s Fair and Chicago Columbian Exposition) was a world’s fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus’s arrival in the New World in 1492.

Question 59

Vaudeville

Answer 59

Vaudeville is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment.

Question 60

P.T. Barnum

Answer 60

Phineas Taylor “P. T.” Barnum was an American politician, showman, and businessman remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and for founding the Barnum & Bailey Circus.

Question 61

Buffalo Bill Cody

Answer 61

Buffalo Bill” Cody was an American scout, bison hunter, and showman.

Question 62

Annie Oakley

Answer 62

Annie Oakley was an American sharpshooter and exhibition shooter