Chapter 34 - Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War, 1933-1941

Question 1

London Economic Conference

Answer 1

A 60 nation economic conference that organized to stabilize international currency rates. FDR’s decision to revoke American participation contributed to a deepening world economic crisis. Strengthend Nationalism.

Question 2

Tydings-McDuffie Act

Answer 2

Providing for the independence of the Philippines by 1946

Question 3

Good Neighbor Policy

Answer 3

FDR’s foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region.

Question 4

Cordell Hull

Answer 4

Allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

Question 5

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act

Answer 5

designed to lift American export trade from the depression, aimed at relief and recovery, activated the low-tariff policies of the New Dealers, provided that the the other country involved was willing to respond with similar reductions

Question 6

Joseph Stalin

Answer 6

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party

Question 7

Benito Mussolini

Answer 7

Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943).

Question 8

Adolf Hitler

Answer 8

(1889-1945) This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces. German Nazi dictator during World War II.

Question 9

Fascism

Answer 9

style of government that emphasizes the leader and the whole rather than individual desire

Question 10

Neutrality Acts

Answer 10

stated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect: no American could legally sail on a belligerent ship or sell or transport munitions to a belligerent, or make loans to a belligerent.

Question 11

Francisco Franco

Answer 11

Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)

Question 12

Spanish Civil War

Answer 12

In 1936 the army revolted and civil war began- between the Rebels and Loyalists. Republicans were backed by most ordinary Spaniards and the Soviet Union. Rebels were backed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. This ended in 1939 with a victory for the Rebels.

Question 13

Quarantine Speech

Answer 13

An important speech delivered by Franklin Roosevelt in which he called for “positive endeavors” to “quarantine” land-hungry dictators, presumably through economic embargos.

Question 14

Rhineland Invasion

Answer 14

When Hitler marched into the demilitarized German Rhineland while France and Britain looked on in indecision.

Question 15

Sudetenland

Answer 15

a region of western Czechoslovakia in which Hither wanted and soon gained; large German-speaking population

Question 16

Munich Conference

Answer 16

European diplomatic conference in 1938 where Britain and France conceded to Hitler’s demands for Czechoslovakia

Question 17

Appeasement

Answer 17

Term for British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands

Question 18

Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

Answer 18

pact between Russia and Soviet, pledged neutrality by either party if the other were attacked by a third party.

Question 19

Cash and Carry

Answer 19

policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.

Question 20

Phony War

Answer 20

the months following the collapse of Poland, while France and Britain marked time.

Question 21

Blitzkrieg

Answer 21

“Lightning war”, typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939

Question 22

Winston Churchill

Answer 22

A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.

Question 23

Anti-Semitism

Answer 23

Prejudice against Jews

Question 24

Albert Einstein

Answer 24

German-born scientist who encourage FDR and America to build the first atomic bomb

Question 25

American Jewish Committee

Answer 25

1914 - formed as organizations representing different segments of the American Jewish community pool their funds and cooperate to apportion and send money and supplies abroad for Jewish war relief. American Jews felt guilty, especially Jews who left family behind in Europe during the war (WWI) so they feel the need to send money to help as much as they can.

Question 26

Father Coughlin

Answer 26

the Catholic priest from Michigan Whose anti-New Deal harangues in the 1930’s became so anti- Semitic, fascist, and demagogic that he was silenced by his superiors

Question 27

American Jewish Congress

Answer 27

il rights organization to defend the rights of minorities in the US, and to defend and support Israel.

Question 28

Battle of Britain

Answer 28

an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance

Question 29

Royal Air Force

Answer 29

The air force of Britain

Question 30

Fortress America

Answer 30

isolationist view of America as defense only

Question 31

America First

Answer 31

A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh was its most effective speaker.

Question 32

Charles Lindbergh

Answer 32

outspoken advocate of isolationism, felt America should not be involved with the war. However, he supported the war effort after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Question 33

Destroyer Deal

Answer 33

1940 - U.S. agreed to “lend” its older destroyers to Great Britain. Signaled the end of U.S. neutrality in the war.

Question 34

Wendell Wilke

Answer 34

Dynamic dark horse Republican presidential nominee who attacked FDR on domestic policy. Won the republican convention but lost the election

Question 35

Lend-Lease

Answer 35

law that made the US the “arsenal for democracy” by providing supposedly temporary military material assistance to GB

Question 36

Atlantic Charter

Answer 36

World War II alliance agreement between the United States and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live

Question 37

Dutch East Indies

Answer 37

if U.S. oil embargo did end, Japan would be forced to extend its conquest by taking the oil resources of the Dutch East Indies.
Japan believed quick action necessary due to limited oil supplies

Question 38

Pearl Harbor

Answer 38

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941

Question 39

December 7 1941

Answer 39

Japanese bombers attacked Pearl Harbor, killing 2,348 people. Congress declares war