Chapter 22 - The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Question 1

Reconstruction

Answer 1

This was the effort to have peace between the North and South after the Civil War finished, and also how to rebuild society again.

Question 2

Exodusters

Answer 2

African Americans leaving their former masters to work in towns/cities. Usually it was whole communities that moved together.

Question 3

African Methodist Episcopal Church

Answer 3

This church quadrupled in size after emancipation, and became one of the churches that gave black community its life, and also gave rise to other societies that helped protect the new freedoms that were won.

Question 4

American Missionary Association

Answer 4

This association sent white women to be teachers and help the African Americans build a stable education for the South.

Question 5

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 5

This was created to provide food, clothing, medicine, and education to freedmen and white refugees.

Question 6

General Oliver O. Howard

Answer 6

He was the man who was in charge of the Freedmen’s Bureau. He was a Union general, and eventually became president of Howard University.

Question 7

Andrew Johnson

Answer 7

He was the President of the United States, and he tried to kill the Freedmen’s Bureau because he saw it as meddlesome and trying to usurp the white dominance (he was a white supremacist).

Question 8

Lincoln’s “10 percent plan”

Answer 8

This declared that a state could be readmitted into the US if when they voted in the Presidential Election and 10%

Question 9

Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 9

Required 50% of state voters take an oath of allegiance and had stronger safeguards for emancipation. Put into place with the fear that slavery would happen again.

Question 10

Radical Republicans

Answer 10

Group that believed that the South should pay for its sins. They wanted to uproot its social structure, punish the haughty planters, and protect the newly emancipated blacks.

Question 11

Black Codes

Answer 11

These were put into place to regulate the rights of emancipated blacks. They aimed to ensure a stable and subservient labor force, restore the pre-emancipation race relations, and put awful burdens on freed blacks.

Question 12

Labor Contracts

Answer 12

Contract that committed blacks to work for the same employer for one year with awful wages.

Question 13

Sharecropping

Answer 13

When a emancipated slave works for his master after being freed, and is eventually trapped in that master’s net for the rest of their lives.

Question 14

Debt Peonage

Answer 14

When a black worker couldn’t pay back his debt so he was forced to work again for another year.

Question 15

Civil Rights Bill

Answer 15

Conferred on blacks the privilege of American citizenship and struck at the Black Codes.

Question 16

“Andy Veto”

Answer 16

What the president (Andrew Johnson) was called after he vetoed the Civil Rights Bill. He was overruled by Congress later.

Question 17

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 17

Conferred civil rights (including citizenship but excluding franchise), reduced representation of a state in Congress and Electoral college if it denied blacks to vote, dismissed confederates in office who had supported slavery, guaranteed federal debt.

Question 18

Charles Sumner

Answer 18

The man who was caned on the Senate floor. After he recovered, he led the radicals in the Senate, and labored for black freedom and racial equality.

Question 19

Thaddeus Stevens

Answer 19

Most powerful radical, who defended runaway slaves in court and was buried in a Black Cemetery.

Question 20

Joint Committee on Reconstruction

Answer 20

House and Senate combined to help fight for African American rights.

Question 21

Moderate Republicans

Answer 21

Republicans that believed the Southern States should be readmitted to the union as simply as possible.

Question 22

Reconstruction Act

Answer 22

This legislation divided the south into five military districts, each commanded by a union general and policed by blue clad soldiers, about 20 thousand all told.

Question 23

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 23

It said that every man had the right to vote, despite race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Question 24

Military Reconstruction

Answer 24

The Supreme Court ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians in areas where the civil courts were open. The south was forced into equality by the North and they couldn’t get rid of that leader unless they ratified the 14th amendment and guaranteed universal male suffrage in their state constitution.

Question 25

Redeemers

Answer 25

Democratic regimes that reverted the military back to democratic tactics

Question 26

Home Rule

Answer 26

Regimes that reverted back to democratic tactics after the North left their states.

Question 27

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 27

Women’s rights activist that worked wholeheartedly for black emancipation and the right to vote for women and black people.

Question 28

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 28

Another woman’s rights activist that worked with Stanton. She got signatures (400000) to pass a constitutional amendment prohibiting slavery.

Question 29

Woman’s Loyal League

Answer 29

A group organized by women that gathered 400,000 signatures on petitions asking for the constitution to pass an amendment prohibiting slavery.

Question 30

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 30

Defined national citizenship for men, giving them the right to vote.

Question 31

Union League

Answer 31

A pro Union organization based in the north and organized by Southern Black men. Turned into a network of political clubs that educated members in civic duties and campaigned for republican candidates.

Question 32

Suffrage

Answer 32

The right to vote in political elections.

Question 33

Hiram Revels

Answer 33

A black senator that served in Washington DC.

Question 34

Blanche K. Bruce

Answer 34

A black senator that served in Washington DC.

Question 35

Scalawags

Answer 35

Southerners (former Unionists) who were allies with freedmen.

Question 36

Carpetbaggers

Answer 36

(Supposedly) Sleazy Northerners who were seeking personal profit. (Actually just allies with freedmen.)

Question 37

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 37

An extremist group formed by radical southerners founded in 1866. They cloaked themselves (and sometimes their horses) in white sheets to mask their identities.

Question 38

Force Acts

Answer 38

Federal troops were now allowed to stamp out the “lash law”. This act was passed in response to the Klu Klux Klan.

Question 39

Disfranchise

Answer 39

This tactic to undermine blacks freedom used trickery, fraud, and intimidation to achieve what they wanted. Literacy tests kept blacks from voting and to empower whites.

Question 40

Ben Wade

Answer 40

Would have been Johnson’s successor. He was a radical republican and president of the Senate.

Question 41

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 41

Required that the president secured the consent of the Senate before he could remove his appointees once they had been approved by the body.

Question 42

Edwin Stanton

Answer 42

Secretly served as a spy and informer to the radicals. Held position as Secretary of War.

Question 43

Benjamin F. Butler

Answer 43

A house prosecutor in the Johnson case who was trying to build a case for his impeachment.

Question 44

William Seward

Answer 44

Ardent expansionist who signed a treaty with Russia that gave Alaska to the United States for $7.2 million.