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Final Frontier Musculoskeletal > Normal Gait > Flashcards

Normal Gait Flashcards

1
Q

When utilizing the Heel Rocker, what muscles are activated, what are they trying to prevent?

A

Muscles Activated: Anterior Muscles
- Tibialis Anterior
- Quadriceps
- Hip Flexors
- Abdominals

(Attempts to prevent us from having falling back)

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2
Q

When utilizing the Forefoot Rocker, what muscles are activated, what are they trying to prevent?

A

Muscles Activated: Posterior Muscles
- Plantar Flexors
- Hamstrings
- Hip Extensors
- Back Extensors/Erector Spinae

(Attempts to prevent us from falling forward)

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3
Q

What side of the body is active during initial contact/heel strike?

A

Anterior Side

(abdominals, hip flexors, knee extensors and
ankle dorsiflexors)

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4
Q

What side of the body is active during terminal stance/toe-off?

A

Posterior Side

(Back extensors, hip extensors, knee flexors and ankle plantar flexor)

Need to stop from falling forward!

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5
Q

What ROM is required during stance phase: Hip

A

0-30 Degrees of Flexion

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6
Q

What ROM is required during swing phase: Hip

A

20-30 Degrees of Flexion

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7
Q

What ROM is required during stance phase: Knee

A

0-40 Degrees of Flexion

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8
Q

What ROM is required during swing phase: Knee

A

0-60 Degrees of Flexion

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9
Q

What ROM is required during stance phase: Ankle

A

0-10 Degrees of Dorsiflexion

0-20 Degrees of Plantar Flexion

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10
Q

What ROM is required during swing phase: Ankle

A

0-10 Degrees of Plantar Flexion (Early Swing)

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11
Q

Muscle Activity During Gait: Anterior Tibial Muscles

A

Anterior Tibialis, EDL, EHL

Prior to and During Heel Strike:
- Eccentric Contraction: Lowers foot to ground

Prior to and during swing:
- Concentric Contraction: Dorsiflexion, Clear toes off ground

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12
Q

Muscle Activity During Gait: Calf Muscles

A

Gastroc, Soleus (FDL, FHL, Posterior Tibialis)

Midstance:
- Eccentric Contraction: Control anterior tibial translation over the foot.

Heel Off:
- Concentric Contraction: Ankle Plantar Flexion

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13
Q

Muscle Activity During Gait: Quadriceps

A

Vastus Medialis/Lateralis/Intermedius, Rectus Femoris

Before Heel Strike:
Eccentric Contraction: Quads control rapid knee flexion and prevent buckling.

Pre-Swing:
Eccentric Contracion: Slow down leg (tibia)

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14
Q

Muscle Activity During Gait: Hamstrings

A

Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus

Heel Strike:
Eccentric Contraction: Protects knee from hyperextension. Slows down leg advancement at terminal swing

Swing Phase:
Concentric Contraction: Knee Flexion, Hip Extension

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15
Q

Muscle Activity During Gait: Hip Abductors

A

Gluteus Medius/Minimus, TFL

Stance Phase:
Eccentric Contraction: Stabilize Pelvis

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16
Q

What is one Gait Cycle?

A

Occurence of a gait event on one side to the same gait event occurring again on the same side.

I.e One heel strike to the next, ipsilateral heel strike.

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17
Q

What is Stride?

A

Contact of one foot to contact of the same foot.

[A stride contains two steps]

-Synonyms to a gait cycle

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18
Q

What is Step?

A

Contact of one foot to contact of the other foot.

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19
Q

What is Stride Length?

A

Distance from initial contact to initial contact of the same foot.

20
Q

What is Step Length?

A

Distance from initial contact of one foot to initial contact of the other foot.

21
Q

What is Step Width?

A

Side-to-side distance. (Normal 8-10 cm)

22
Q

What is Step Frequency?

A

Number of steps per second (1/step time)

23
Q

What is Cadence?

A

Number of Steps per minute (step frequency x 60 seconds)

24
Q

What is Gait Speed?

A

Distance divided by Time

Distance traveled in a time frame

25
Q

Muscle Activity During Gait: Gluteus Maximus

A

Stance Phase:
Eccentric Contraction: Decelerate forward momentum (hip flexion)

Pre-Swing:
Concentric Contraction: Hip Extension

26
Q

How much time is spent during the stance phase, and the swing phase of gait?

A

Stance Phase: 60% to 65%

Swing Phase: 35% - 40%

27
Q

Phases included in Stance Phase?

A
  • Initial Contact (Heel Strike)
  • Loading Response (Foot Flat)
  • Midstance (Single-leg Stance)
  • Terminal Stance (Heel off)
  • Preswing (toe off)
28
Q

Phases of Swing Phase?

A
  • Initial Swing (acceleration)
  • Mid Swing
  • Terminal Swing (deceleration)
29
Q

What is Double-Leg Stance?

A

Phase of gait where both feet are on the ground. Occurs twice during the gait cycle.

30
Q

What is normal step width?

A

8 - 10 cm

31
Q

What parameters decrease with age?

A
  • Step length
  • Stride length
  • Cadence
32
Q

What is normal cadence?

A

90 - 120 steps per minutes

33
Q

Is cadence higher in men or women?

A

Women, have higher cadence and shorter step length

34
Q

Dorsiflexors Terminate their action by the end of which gait phase?

A

The end of loading response

35
Q

What occurs at the knee if the GRF (ground reaction force line) is anterior to the knee?

A

Produces an external knee extensor moment

36
Q

What occurs at the knee if the GRF (ground reaction force line) is posterior to the knee?

A

Produces an external knee flexor moment

37
Q

What rocker is the strongest propelling force during the gait cycle?

A

Forefoot; acceleration rocker and aids in propulsion

38
Q

When does the First Rocker occur during the gait cycle and its action?

A

Between initial contact and when foot is flat.

  • Ankle dorsiflexors active eccentrically controlling foot descent

(Deceleration Rocker)

39
Q

When does the Second Rocker occur during the gait cycle and its action?

A

During foot flat during tibial advancement

  • Plantar flexors contracting eccentrically

(Deceleration Rocker)

40
Q

Normal gait speed?

A

1.42 m/sec (3 mph)

41
Q

Phase of gait in which the hamstring muscles have the highest activation?

A

Terminal Swing; greatest eccentric contraction for knee extension deceleration

42
Q

Maximum lateral displacement occurs during which phase of gait?

A

Mistance (side-to-side movement)

43
Q

Muscles that primarily control hip during stance phase of gait?

A

Hip abductors and extensors

44
Q

What muscles are most important when wanting to increase running velocity?

A

Hip extensors; the ability to extend the hip is the most important factor in determining sprint speed.

45
Q

Main purpose of intrinsic foot muscles during gait?

A
  • Stabilize the forefoot
  • Raise the medial longitudinal arch

Final Frontier Musculoskeletal (95 decks)

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