Non specific animal resopnses Flashcards
1
Q
list non- specific responses
A
- blood clotting
- skin
- wound repair
- inflammation
- mucous membranes
- expulsive reflexes
2
Q
mucous membranes have…
A
goblet cells and ciliated epithelium
3
Q
name 3 mucosal membranes
A
- respitory tracte
- gastrointestinal tracte
- genitourinary tracte
4
Q
skin
A
- a layer of dead cells (uninhabitable for viruses)
- constant removal of dead skin makes it hard for pathogens to inhabit
5
Q
Metabolic pathway to form fibrin (for blood clotting)
A
- damaged tissue activates platelets
- thrombin catalyses the reaction of soluble fibrogen to insoluble fibrin.
6
Q
inability to form blood clots..
A
haemophillia
7
Q
explain inflammatory response
A
- redness because capiliaries are swollen
- this is caused by histomines
- dialate blood vessels cause more tissue fluid to be releases into blood.
- cytokines released to attract white blood cells
8
Q
Roles of cytokines
A
- cell signalling molecules
- attract white blood cells
- increase temperature
9
Q
what does tissue fluid in swelling do?
A
- causes swelling and pain
10
Q
Fever
A
higher than normal body temperature
11
Q
effects of fever
A
- increases kinetic energy so white blood cells more likely to attack.
- some pathogen enzymes denature
12
Q
opsonins
A
chemicals that bind to pathogen
13
Q
interactions between opsonin and phagacytes
A
phagacytes contain receptors that bind to common opsonins
14
Q
interferons
A
signalling chemicals that stimulate nearby cells to heighten their antiviral defences.
15
Q
blood clotting cascade
A
platelets release thromboplastin
thromboplastin catalyses
Ca2+ + prothrombin —> thrombin
thrombin catalyses
Fibrogen ——> fibrin (insoluble)
