Cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

Why do some believe mitochondria were bacterium?

A
  • have their own ribosomes
  • are a similiar size
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2
Q

Why do some believe chloroplasts were bacterium?

A

have their own plasmid of DNA.

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3
Q

Cell division in yeast

A

budding

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4
Q

Energy process in bacterium

A

chemiosmosis

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5
Q

like cillia just on bacterium?

A

pilli

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6
Q

What is microfilament made from?

A

actin

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7
Q

How do organelles move around cytoskeleton?

A

motor proteins

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8
Q

Explain why cells need to be stained… (2)

A
  • cells are often transparent and therefore difficult to see under a light microscope.
  • different organells will absorb different volumes of pigment, creating contrast within a cell that can easily be seen under a light microscope.
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9
Q

Maximum resolution and madnification of light microscope

A

200nm
x2,000

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10
Q

Maximum resolution and magnification of SEM

A

5 nm
x 500,000

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11
Q

Magnification and resolution of TEM

A

x 5,000,000
0.5 nm

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12
Q

What does a laser scanning confocal microscope do?

A

It detects the florescent dye in a specimen.

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13
Q

What are mucrofilaments made out of?

A

actin

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14
Q

Mitochondrian are present in..

A

plants and animals but not prokaryotes.

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15
Q

how do prokaryotes store genetic info?

A

single circular loop of DNA, plasmids, capsid

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16
Q

how to calibrate eyepiece graticule

A

stage micrometre increments ÷ EPG increments

Then multiply by 10 cause each stage micrometre increment is 10 micrometres.

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17
Q

mm to micrometres

18
Q

what is cisternae present in

A

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

19
Q

what is the smallest increment of a stage micrometer

A

10 micrometrs

20
Q

what is the semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

21
Q

nucleolus function?

A

to make ribosomes

22
Q

what shape are eukaryotic chromosomes?

23
Q

secondary roles of the nucleolus

A

immobilising proteins
forming signal recognition molecules

24
Q

in ribosome production, … joins with…. to form…

A

ribosomal rna
proteins
ribosomal subunits

25
The r ER is responsible for
processing and folding protiens
26
function of s ER
making and processing lipids
27
fungal cell walls made of
chitin
28
function of cell walls
provide structural support give cell shape
29
centrioles function
organise mitotic spindle during cell division
30
eukaryotic flagella vs prokaryote flagella
- eukaryote. made of protein called tubulin - prokaryote. made of protien called flagellin.
31
what do the pores in the nuclear envelope control?
the movement of ions, molecules, and RNA between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
32
mitochondrial matrix contains...
enzymes used in respiration
33
in chloroplasts..... are stacked to form...
thylakiods, grana
34
photosynthesis occurs in... but not...
algal cells and plant cells but not fungal cells
35
the golgi apparatus...
packages and tags lipids and protiens.
36
lysosomes contain enzymes called
lysozymes
37
bacterial flagella are
helical and mainly made of the protein flagellin
38
cillia and flagella are both made out of
microtubules
39
the central core of the flagellum and cilia is called the
axenome
40
types of cilia
motile cilia and non-motile cilia
41
motile cilia examples
wafting mucus in trachea
42
non motole cilia
functions as a sensiry cellular antennae