Cell structure Flashcards
Why do some believe mitochondria were bacterium?
- have their own ribosomes
- are a similiar size
Why do some believe chloroplasts were bacterium?
have their own plasmid of DNA.
Cell division in yeast
budding
Energy process in bacterium
chemiosmosis
like cillia just on bacterium?
pilli
What is microfilament made from?
actin
How do organelles move around cytoskeleton?
motor proteins
Explain why cells need to be stained… (2)
- cells are often transparent and therefore difficult to see under a light microscope.
- different organells will absorb different volumes of pigment, creating contrast within a cell that can easily be seen under a light microscope.
Maximum resolution and madnification of light microscope
200nm
x2,000
Maximum resolution and magnification of SEM
5 nm
x 500,000
Magnification and resolution of TEM
x 5,000,000
0.5 nm
What does a laser scanning confocal microscope do?
It detects the florescent dye in a specimen.
What are mucrofilaments made out of?
actin
Mitochondrian are present in..
plants and animals but not prokaryotes.
how do prokaryotes store genetic info?
single circular loop of DNA, plasmids, capsid
how to calibrate eyepiece graticule
stage micrometre increments ÷ EPG increments
Then multiply by 10 cause each stage micrometre increment is 10 micrometres.
mm to micrometres
x 1000
what is cisternae present in
golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
what is the smallest increment of a stage micrometer
10 micrometrs
what is the semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus
nucleoplasm
nucleolus function?
to make ribosomes
what shape are eukaryotic chromosomes?
linear
secondary roles of the nucleolus
immobilising proteins
forming signal recognition molecules
in ribosome production, … joins with…. to form…
ribosomal rna
proteins
ribosomal subunits
The r ER is responsible for
processing and folding protiens
function of s ER
making and processing lipids
fungal cell walls made of
chitin
function of cell walls
provide structural support
give cell shape
centrioles function
organise mitotic spindle during cell division
eukaryotic flagella vs prokaryote flagella
- eukaryote. made of protein called tubulin
- prokaryote. made of protien called flagellin.
what do the pores in the nuclear envelope control?
the movement of ions, molecules, and RNA between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
mitochondrial matrix contains…
enzymes used in respiration
in chloroplasts….. are stacked to form…
thylakiods, grana
photosynthesis occurs in… but not…
algal cells and plant cells but not fungal cells
the golgi apparatus…
packages and tags lipids and protiens.
lysosomes contain enzymes called
lysozymes
bacterial flagella are
helical and mainly made of the protein flagellin
cillia and flagella are both made out of
microtubules
the central core of the flagellum and cilia is called the
axenome
types of cilia
motile cilia and non-motile cilia
motile cilia examples
wafting mucus in trachea
non motole cilia
functions as a sensiry cellular antennae
