Cell structure

Question 1

Why do some believe mitochondria were bacterium?

Answer 1

• have their own ribosomes
• are a similiar size

Question 2

Why do some believe chloroplasts were bacterium?

Answer 2

have their own plasmid of DNA.

Question 3

Cell division in yeast

Answer 3

budding

Question 4

Energy process in bacterium

Answer 4

chemiosmosis

Question 5

like cillia just on bacterium?

Answer 5

pilli

Question 6

What is microfilament made from?

Answer 6

actin

Question 7

How do organelles move around cytoskeleton?

Answer 7

motor proteins

Question 8

Explain why cells need to be stained… (2)

Answer 8

• cells are often transparent and therefore difficult to see under a light microscope.
• different organells will absorb different volumes of pigment, creating contrast within a cell that can easily be seen under a light microscope.

Question 9

Maximum resolution and madnification of light microscope

Answer 9

200nm
x2,000

Question 10

Maximum resolution and magnification of SEM

Answer 10

5 nm
x 500,000

Question 11

Magnification and resolution of TEM

Answer 11

x 5,000,000
0.5 nm

Question 12

What does a laser scanning confocal microscope do?

Answer 12

It detects the florescent dye in a specimen.

Question 13

What are mucrofilaments made out of?

Answer 13

actin

Question 14

Mitochondrian are present in..

Answer 14

plants and animals but not prokaryotes.

Question 15

how do prokaryotes store genetic info?

Answer 15

single circular loop of DNA, plasmids, capsid

Question 16

how to calibrate eyepiece graticule

Answer 16

stage micrometre increments ÷ EPG increments

Then multiply by 10 cause each stage micrometre increment is 10 micrometres.

Question 17

mm to micrometres

Answer 17

x 1000

Question 18

what is cisternae present in

Answer 18

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

what is the smallest increment of a stage micrometer

Answer 19

10 micrometrs

Question 20

what is the semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus

Answer 20

nucleoplasm

Question 21

nucleolus function?

Answer 21

to make ribosomes

Question 22

what shape are eukaryotic chromosomes?

Answer 22

linear

Question 23

secondary roles of the nucleolus

Answer 23

immobilising proteins
forming signal recognition molecules

Question 24

in ribosome production, … joins with…. to form…

Answer 24

ribosomal rna
proteins
ribosomal subunits

Question 25

The r ER is responsible for

Answer 25

processing and folding protiens

Question 26

function of s ER

Answer 26

making and processing lipids

Question 27

fungal cell walls made of

Answer 27

chitin

Question 28

function of cell walls

Answer 28

provide structural support
give cell shape

Question 29

centrioles function

Answer 29

organise mitotic spindle during cell division

Question 30

eukaryotic flagella vs prokaryote flagella

Answer 30

• eukaryote. made of protein called tubulin
• prokaryote. made of protien called flagellin.

Question 31

what do the pores in the nuclear envelope control?

Answer 31

the movement of ions, molecules, and RNA between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.

Question 32

mitochondrial matrix contains…

Answer 32

enzymes used in respiration

Question 33

in chloroplasts….. are stacked to form…

Answer 33

thylakiods, grana

Question 34

photosynthesis occurs in… but not…

Answer 34

algal cells and plant cells but not fungal cells

Question 35

the golgi apparatus…

Answer 35

packages and tags lipids and protiens.

Question 36

lysosomes contain enzymes called

Answer 36

lysozymes

Question 37

bacterial flagella are

Answer 37

helical and mainly made of the protein flagellin

Question 38

cillia and flagella are both made out of

Answer 38

microtubules

Question 39

the central core of the flagellum and cilia is called the

Answer 39

axenome

Question 40

types of cilia

Answer 40

motile cilia and non-motile cilia

Question 41

motile cilia examples

Answer 41

wafting mucus in trachea

Question 42

non motole cilia

Answer 42

functions as a sensiry cellular antennae