Cloning

Question 1

Natural plant cloning techniques by humans

Answer 1

taking cutting of plants

Question 2

Micropropogation

Answer 2

• an artificial technique
• also called tissue culture

Question 3

Steps in micropropagation

Answer 3

• 1. meristem tissue sample (explants) taken. Tissue must be steralised. sample often taken from axial bud or shoots.
• 2. grown in agar plate and treated with hormones to promote cell proliferation
• 3. Callus (ball of undifferentiated cells) formed. Callus is divided.
• 4. hormone added to cause roots to grow, plantlets can be planted.

Question 5

Micropropagation- another word for cell division

Answer 5

cell proliferation

Question 6

micropropagation- word for sample extracted from plant

Answer 6

explant

Question 7

Micropropagation- where is the sample taken from

Answer 7

shoots or axial buds - meristematic tissue

Question 8

Cons of micropropagation

Answer 8

• decreases genetic diversity
• if explant is infected, all plantlets are too
• hard for some plants to be genetically cloned

Question 9

pros of micropropagation

Answer 9

• gm plants easily cloned
• save endangered species
• high yield

Question 10

Embryo splitting is a form of

Answer 10

artificial cloning

Question 11

embryo splitting - cow breeding

Answer 11

• prize bull sperm impregnates female cow
• embryo split when cells are still totipotent
• embryos implanted in surrogate mother

Question 12

natural plant clong called

Answer 12

vegatative propagation

Question 13

4 final bosses of natural plant cloning

Answer 13

• bulbs.
• tubers- tip of underground stem becomes swollen with food
• runners- lateral stem, roots develop where stem touches the ground.
• rhizomes- horizontal stem underground, swolled with stored food.

Question 14

How can you propagate bulbs

Answer 14

split them

Question 15

How can you propagate runners

Answer 15

by removing young plants from the runner

Question 16

How can you propagate rhizomes

Answer 16

cutting up the rhizomes

Question 17

propagation easy technique

Answer 17

cutting sections of stems and planting them with rooting hormones

Question 18

SCNT

Answer 18

somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 19

SCNT stages

Answer 19

• egg enucleantion
• transfer of nucleus from somatic cell
• apply electric shock
  implant in surrogate

Question 20

SCNT how does the cell divide afterwards…

Answer 20

electric current

Question 21

SCNT combining of somatic cell nucleus and enucleated ovum us done with a … and called…

Answer 21

electric shock …. electrofusion