Cellular control

Question 1

Chromosome mutations

Answer 1

affect the whole chromosome or number of chromosomes in a cell.

Question 2

chromosome mutation deletion

Answer 2

a section of chromosome breaks off and is lost in the cell.

Question 3

chromosome mutation duplication

Answer 3

sections get duplicated on a chromosome

Question 4

chromosome mutation translocation

Answer 4

a section of one chromosome that breaks off and joins to a non-homologous chromosome (unlike chiasmata)

Question 5

inversion

Answer 5

a section of the chromosome breaks off, gets inverted and rhen joins back onto the chromosome.

Question 6

chromosome mutations can also…

Answer 6

affect the number of chromosomes. this is called aneuploidy

Question 7

when chromosomes dont separate properly?

Answer 7

non- disjunction

Question 8

operon

Answer 8

a group of genes under the control of the same operating system and expressed at the same time.

Question 9

heterochromatim

Answer 9

tightly wound DNA, condensed chromosomes

Question 10

euchromatin

Answer 10

DNA is loosely wound, here DNA transcription and DNA synthesis can take place.

Question 11

Histone modification

Answer 11

adding acetyl or phosphate groups reduces positive charge of histones, negative DNA coils less tightly.

adding methyl group (methylation) increases positivity of histones so negative DNA winds more tightly.

Question 12

lac z

Answer 12

beta galactosidase

Question 13

lac y

Answer 13

lactose permease

Question 14

lac a

Answer 14

transactylase

Question 15

lac I

Answer 15

codes for repressor protein

Question 16

binding site of RNA polymerase

Answer 16

Promotor

Question 17

Transcription factors

Answer 17

protiens that control gene expression by stimulating or inhibiting the transcription of genes.