biological membranes

Question 1

Liposome

Answer 1

A ball of fats, hydrophilic head pointing outwards and hydrophobic tails pointing inwards. It happens when fats and water are shaken.

Question 2

Glycoprotiens

Answer 2

carbohydrate tail attatched to protein.

Question 3

Glycolipid

Answer 3

lipid with carbohydrate tail. Attatched to phopholipid head.

Question 4

Ligand

Answer 4

A messanger that binds to a receptor.

Question 5

Sterol

Answer 5

Type of lipid (think cholesterol)

Question 6

ATP

Answer 6

adenosine triphosphate

Question 7

ADP

Answer 7

adenosine diphosphate

Question 8

Invagination

Answer 8

when the cell surface membrane dips to accomodate an incoming vesicle.

Question 9

Phagacytosis

Answer 9

Describes movement of solids across a membrane.

Question 10

Pintocytosis

Answer 10

describes movements of liquids across a membrane(think pint)

Question 11

Crenation

Answer 11

A shrivelled animal cell. due to water loss (net movement of water out of the cell)

Question 12

Cytolysis

Answer 12

An animal cell with too much water. the cell bursts.

Question 13

Plasmalysed

Answer 13

Water moves out of a plant cell, leaving it shrivelled. this does not affect the cell wall.

Question 14

Turgid

Answer 14

When a plant cell is rigid with water.

Question 15

Balls of Lipid with the hydrophilic heads pointing outwards, hydropgobic tails pointing inwards

Answer 15

Lyposome

Question 16

Name the roles of glycoprotiens and glycolipids?

Answer 16

• cell signalling ( as receptors)
• cell recognition (as antigens )
• stabalises membrane structure

Question 17

What are antigens?

Answer 17

Markers that tell your immune system whether something is harmful or not.

Question 18

What is the layer of glycoprotiens and glycolipids called?

Answer 18

GLYCOCALYX

Question 19

what is a carrier protien that can transport two substances at once called?

Answer 19

A co- transporter

Question 20

What is a co-transporter?

Answer 20

a carrier protein that can carry two substances at once.

Question 21

what are the 3 functions of plasma membranes?

Answer 21

• cell identification
• compartmentalisation
• site of chemical reactions

Question 22

What do solvents do to bilayer lipids?

Answer 22

Dissolve them!

Question 23

Name the 3 types of receptors…

Answer 23

• receptors for neurotransmitters and hormones
• receptors for edocytosis
• receptors for adhesion and stability

Question 24

Explain the glycocalyx and its link to adhesion?

Answer 24

The carbohydrate tails form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

Question 25

how does cholesterol regulate membrane fluidity?

Answer 25

prevents membranes from becoming too solid by stopping phospholipids from grouping together and crystallising.

Question 26

two examples of reactions happening at the cell membrane.

Answer 26

• electron carriers and ATP synthase (enzyme) on the cristae of mitochondria (for the production of ATP)
• photosynthesis enzymes on stacks within the chloroplasts

Question 27

glycolipids act as…

Answer 27

cell markers or antigens

Question 28

glycoproteins

Answer 28

act as receptors