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1. Infection & Immunity > Non-enteric Part 4 > Flashcards

Non-enteric Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Genus Moraxella

A

Found as commensals on conjuctiva or nasopharynx
Genus derived from Dr. Victor Morax

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2
Q

What are the 2 Moraxella species of veterinary importance?

A

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)- M. bovis
Ovine keratoconjunctivtis- M. ovis

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3
Q

M. Bovis

A

Trauma to cornea by flies, dust, UV light, projectiles on hay feeders and long grasses and pastures
Young animals <2 yrs of age affected

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4
Q

New Forest Disease (Pink eye)

A

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)
Losses of 150 mill USD/ yr
Increased during summer due to flies

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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of new forest disease?

A

Lacrimation, blepharospam, reddness of eye, epiphora, corneal opacity, ulcer
Worst case: corneal rupture

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6
Q

Pathology of Moraxellae

A

Corneal damage –> attachment of Moraxellae via pili –> destruction of corneal and conjuctival cells by cytotoxin –> inflammation

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7
Q

Moraxellae is sensitive to __________

A

Tetracycline

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8
Q

Characteristics of moraxellae

A

Gram- neg, plump short rods, diplobacilli (pairs)
Don’t grow on MacConk or anaerobically
Hemolytic blood agar

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9
Q

What diseases does Genus Burkholderia cause?

A

Glanders (burkholderia mallei)
Pseudoglanders/ meliodosis (burkholderia pseudomallei)

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10
Q

What are the burkholderia diseases classified as?

A

Category B agents because few organisms are necessary to cause disease and aerosol infection can occur

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11
Q

Burkholderi mallei (Glanders)

A

Gram-neg, aerobic rod, pleomorphic, non-motile
Grows with media containing glycerol or blood
Unable to survive in nature (2 weeks max)

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12
Q

Burkholderi mallei is a biosafety _________

A

Level 3!!

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13
Q

Glanders disease

A

Contagious disease of equines of upper and lower respiratory tract and skin (felines and humans too)
Acute (donkeys, mules) and cutaneous (horses)

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14
Q

Acute form of Glanders disease

A

Swollen nostrils, lymphadenitis of neck and head, death
Gray to yellow nodules on upper resp. mucous membranes

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15
Q

Cutaneous form of Glanders disease

A

“Farcy buds”–> skin abscesses and lymphadenopathy
Horses carriers for several years (infected for life)

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16
Q

How does dogs and cats get Glanders?

A

Feed on infected meat and they get septicemic form of disease

17
Q

Where is Glanders disease found?

A

Mongolia, china, india, iraq, turkey, philipphines, central and south american, north africa

18
Q

Glanders in the US

A

Eradicated in 1940s –> foreign disease
Zoonotic
B. mallei can be weaponized

19
Q

Fatality rate of Glanders disease

A

95% in 3 weeks if untreated
50% with treatment

20
Q

B. pseudomallei (pseudoglanders, meliodosis, Whitmore’s disease)

A

Saprophyte, ubiquitous in soil and surface water
Affects a wide range of hosts
Causes chronic nodular or purulent inflammatory disease in ANY TISSUE

21
Q

T/F: Meliodosis is a highly fatal disease of humans and other animals

A

TRUE

22
Q

Where does B. pseudomellei have the highest prevalence?

A

SE Asia
Military dogs in Vietnam and soldiers

23
Q

Pseudoglanders/ Meliodosis/ Whitmore’s

A

Acquired through ingestion, wound infection, inhalation, arthropod bites
Easily killed by disinfectants
Category B

24
Q

Why is treating burkholderia discouraged?

A

Sensitive to antibiotics BUT they’re intracellular bacteria and can causes abscessation within internal organs

25
Q

B. pseudomallei characteristics

A

Gram neg rods with bipolar staining, resemble safety pins
Grows well in MacConkey
Ashbrown medium –> sour earthy odor

26
Q

What are the official test of Glanders for horses imported into the US?

A

Complement fixation test

27
Q

What is Mellein test and how does it work, how is a positive reaction characterized?

A

Skin test –> glycoprotein extract of the organism (glanders) injected intrapelvicorally into the suspected horse
Positive: excessive lacrimation, hypersensitivity, swelling of eyelid, systemic infection

28
Q

/What is Strauss reaction? When is it used?

A

Take infectious material and inject intraperitonially into GPs

29
Q

Genus Tylorella produces _____________

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

30
Q

Taylorella equigenitalis

A

Gram-neg, coccobacillus facultative, non-motile
Cultures grown on Eugon chocolate agar
Causitive agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM)

31
Q

Contagious equine metritis (CEM)

A

Reportable
Affects uterus of mares
Causes endometritis, temporary infertility, longtime carriers

32
Q

Stallions infected with CEM

A

Don’t develop clinical signs but harbor agent in prepuce and urethral fossa
Transmit bacterium

33
Q

CEM was first identified _______

A

1977 in the UK

34
Q

CEM in the US

A

1978- Kentucky
2008- Kentucky (quarter horse)
2013- south central CA

35
Q

Treatment of CEM

A

Cleaning clitoral fossa with 4% chlorhexidine then 0.2% nitrofurazone ointment for 5 days (kills normal flora)

1. Infection & Immunity (19 decks)

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