Non-enteric Part 4 Flashcards
Genus Moraxella
Found as commensals on conjuctiva or nasopharynx
Genus derived from Dr. Victor Morax
What are the 2 Moraxella species of veterinary importance?
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)- M. bovis
Ovine keratoconjunctivtis- M. ovis
M. Bovis
Trauma to cornea by flies, dust, UV light, projectiles on hay feeders and long grasses and pastures
Young animals <2 yrs of age affected
New Forest Disease (Pink eye)
Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)
Losses of 150 mill USD/ yr
Increased during summer due to flies
What are the clinical signs of new forest disease?
Lacrimation, blepharospam, reddness of eye, epiphora, corneal opacity, ulcer
Worst case: corneal rupture
Pathology of Moraxellae
Corneal damage –> attachment of Moraxellae via pili –> destruction of corneal and conjuctival cells by cytotoxin –> inflammation
Moraxellae is sensitive to __________
Tetracycline
Characteristics of moraxellae
Gram- neg, plump short rods, diplobacilli (pairs)
Don’t grow on MacConk or anaerobically
Hemolytic blood agar
What diseases does Genus Burkholderia cause?
Glanders (burkholderia mallei)
Pseudoglanders/ meliodosis (burkholderia pseudomallei)
What are the burkholderia diseases classified as?
Category B agents because few organisms are necessary to cause disease and aerosol infection can occur
Burkholderi mallei (Glanders)
Gram-neg, aerobic rod, pleomorphic, non-motile
Grows with media containing glycerol or blood
Unable to survive in nature (2 weeks max)
Burkholderi mallei is a biosafety _________
Level 3!!
Glanders disease
Contagious disease of equines of upper and lower respiratory tract and skin (felines and humans too)
Acute (donkeys, mules) and cutaneous (horses)
Acute form of Glanders disease
Swollen nostrils, lymphadenitis of neck and head, death
Gray to yellow nodules on upper resp. mucous membranes
Cutaneous form of Glanders disease
“Farcy buds”–> skin abscesses and lymphadenopathy
Horses carriers for several years (infected for life)
How does dogs and cats get Glanders?
Feed on infected meat and they get septicemic form of disease
Where is Glanders disease found?
Mongolia, china, india, iraq, turkey, philipphines, central and south american, north africa
Glanders in the US
Eradicated in 1940s –> foreign disease
Zoonotic
B. mallei can be weaponized
Fatality rate of Glanders disease
95% in 3 weeks if untreated
50% with treatment
B. pseudomallei (pseudoglanders, meliodosis, Whitmore’s disease)
Saprophyte, ubiquitous in soil and surface water
Affects a wide range of hosts
Causes chronic nodular or purulent inflammatory disease in ANY TISSUE
T/F: Meliodosis is a highly fatal disease of humans and other animals
TRUE
Where does B. pseudomellei have the highest prevalence?
SE Asia
Military dogs in Vietnam and soldiers
Pseudoglanders/ Meliodosis/ Whitmore’s
Acquired through ingestion, wound infection, inhalation, arthropod bites
Easily killed by disinfectants
Category B
Why is treating burkholderia discouraged?
Sensitive to antibiotics BUT they’re intracellular bacteria and can causes abscessation within internal organs
