Campylobcter and Helicobacter

Question 1

Campylobacter characteristics

Answer 1

Gram -, non-spore forming, oxidase and nitrate reduction +, microaerophilic
Corkscrew motility

Question 2

How are campylobacter jejuni colonies cultivated?

Answer 2

Microaerophilic conditions on modified CCD agar during 2 days at 42C

Question 3

Which Campylobacteriaecae causes enteritis?

Answer 3

C. jejuni (99% for food contamination) and C. coli

Question 4

Which Campylobacteriaecae causes infertility and abortion

Answer 4

C. jejuni in sheep
C. fetus ssp venerealis (BGC) in cattle
C. fetus ssp fetus abortion in ruminants

Question 5

___________ and _________ are the most common causes of human and animal bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide

Answer 5

C. jejuni and C. coli

Question 6

Campylobacteriosis

Answer 6

Common in high income countries
2.5 mill annual cases of GI disease in the US

Question 7

Campylobacter

Answer 7

Source of food poisoning in US, Europe and Australia
Cause of morbidity and mortality in low income countries

Question 8

Campylobacter transmission

Answer 8

Person to person
Consumption of raw chicken, contaminated water, milk or meat
Contact with birds, farm animals and pets
Fomites and arthropods
Artificial insemination

Question 9

Where are C. jejuni and C. coli carried?

Answer 9

Intestinal tract of birds, domestic and wild animals

Question 10

Which campylobacter species are most found in canine stools?

Answer 10

C. upsaliensis

Question 11

________ and _______ are isolated from pigs

Answer 11

C. hyointestinalis and C. mucosalis

Question 12

Where is C. fetus found?

Answer 12

Intestinal tract and gall bladder of infected ruminants

Question 13

Which species are infected by C. jejuni and C. coli?

Answer 13

Cattle, sheep, chickens, turkeys, dogs, cats, pig and non-human primates

Question 14

Campylobacter symptoms

Answer 14

Incubation period short
Appear within 3 days in puppies and rapidly in chicks and poults

Question 15

C. fetus ssp fetus CS

Answer 15

Abortions, stillbirth and fertility in goats
Weak lambs, metritis and death in sheep

Question 16

C. fetus ssp. veneralis in cattle CS

Answer 16

Bovine genital Campylobacteriosis
Infertility, early embryonic death and prolonged calving season
Mucopurulent endometritis

Question 17

C. fetus in humans

Answer 17

Opportunistic human pathogen
Causes systemic infections
Endocarditis, pericarditis, pneumonia, thrombophlebitis, peritonitis, meningoencephalitis

Question 18

Is Campylobacter zoonotic?

Answer 18

YES
Present in feces, vaginal discharges

Question 19

Campylobacter transmission from an infected hen

Answer 19

Vertical transmission: female repro tract or semen of roosters to the fertilized egg
False vertical: transmitted from eggs

Question 20

Microscopic examination of Campylobacter

Answer 20

Visualization of rods by phase-contrast or dark-field microscopy

Question 21

Definitive diagnosis of Campylobacter

Answer 21

Isolation using selective media and reduced O2 tension
Fetal and placental tissue, fecal culture
ELISA, molecular detection, PCR, biochem testing, serology
Remel Campy Blood Agar

Question 22

How is C. fetus distinguished from C. jejuni?

Answer 22

Optimal growth at 37C and susceptibility to cephalothin

Question 23

Campylobacteriosis treatment (human)

Answer 23

Self limiting
Fluids
Macrolide abx (erythromycin)

Question 24

C. jejuni complications (human)

Answer 24

Diarrhea causes Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) → muscle weakness, paralysis
Arthritis

Question 25

Campylobacter post-mortem lesions

Answer 25

Congested and edematous colon
Hemorrhagic colitis
Edematous LNs
Placentitis (mild)
Autolyzed fetus

Question 26

BGC diagnosis

Answer 26

Detection of IgA in cervical mucus
Vaginal mucus agglutination test
ELISA
Culture bacteria from vaginal discharge and sheath washings

Question 27

BGC vx

Answer 27

One given 4 weeks before breeding starts
Re vx halfway through breeding season

Question 28

Treating BGC

Answer 28

Infection eliminated by 1-2 treatments of streptomycin SC + oil-based streptomycin on penis for 3 days

Question 29

Poultry prevention against campylobacter

Answer 29

Sanitation, exclude pests, all-in all-out, closed flock

Question 30

What is Campylobacter susceptible to?

Answer 30

1% Na hypochlorite
70% ethanol
2% glutaraldehyde
Iodine-based and phenolic disinfectants
Formaldehyde
Moist or dry heat

Question 31

Outbreak of Campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of ___________

Answer 31

Raw peas

Question 32

Important human pathogens of helicobacter

Answer 32

H. pylori (human with no animal reservoir)
H. cinaedi (human, rodents)
H. fenneliae (human, rodents)

Question 33

Characteristics of H. pylori

Answer 33

Gram -, spiral shaped and rods,
Corkscrew motility with mutliple flagella
Microaeophillic

Question 34

Virulence factors of H. pylori

Answer 34

Multiple flagella help with burrowing, ability to live in extreme acidity (beneficial to stomach), enzyme urease (weakens acidity)

Question 35

H. pylori growth

Answer 35

Blood and chocolate agar after 2-5 day incubation

Question 36

H. pylori transmission

Answer 36

Fecal-oral, gastric- oral, water, oral-oral
Zoonotic

Question 37

Which helicobacter are common in dogs and cats

Answer 37

H. canis, felis, heilmannii and bizzozeronii

Question 38

Lab ID and diagnosis of helicobacter

Answer 38

Endoscopic and gastric biopsy (stomach lining)
Stool antigen test (Ags)
Stool PCR test
Urea breath test (UBT)- gold standard

Question 39

Helicobacter treatment

Answer 39

Amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole, bismuth subsalicylate, proton pump inhibitor, H2 blocker
Omeprazole, azithromycin, clarithromycin