Campylobcter and Helicobacter Flashcards

1
Q

Campylobacter characteristics

A

Gram -, non-spore forming, oxidase and nitrate reduction +, microaerophilic
Corkscrew motility

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2
Q

How are campylobacter jejuni colonies cultivated?

A

Microaerophilic conditions on modified CCD agar during 2 days at 42C

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3
Q

Which Campylobacteriaecae causes enteritis?

A

C. jejuni (99% for food contamination) and C. coli

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4
Q

Which Campylobacteriaecae causes infertility and abortion

A

C. jejuni in sheep
C. fetus ssp venerealis (BGC) in cattle
C. fetus ssp fetus abortion in ruminants

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5
Q

___________ and _________ are the most common causes of human and animal bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide

A

C. jejuni and C. coli

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6
Q

Campylobacteriosis

A

Common in high income countries
2.5 mill annual cases of GI disease in the US

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7
Q

Campylobacter

A

Source of food poisoning in US, Europe and Australia
Cause of morbidity and mortality in low income countries

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8
Q

Campylobacter transmission

A

Person to person
Consumption of raw chicken, contaminated water, milk or meat
Contact with birds, farm animals and pets
Fomites and arthropods
Artificial insemination

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9
Q

Where are C. jejuni and C. coli carried?

A

Intestinal tract of birds, domestic and wild animals

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10
Q

Which campylobacter species are most found in canine stools?

A

C. upsaliensis

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11
Q

________ and _______ are isolated from pigs

A

C. hyointestinalis and C. mucosalis

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12
Q

Where is C. fetus found?

A

Intestinal tract and gall bladder of infected ruminants

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13
Q

Which species are infected by C. jejuni and C. coli?

A

Cattle, sheep, chickens, turkeys, dogs, cats, pig and non-human primates

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14
Q

Campylobacter symptoms

A

Incubation period short
Appear within 3 days in puppies and rapidly in chicks and poults

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15
Q

C. fetus ssp fetus CS

A

Abortions, stillbirth and fertility in goats
Weak lambs, metritis and death in sheep

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16
Q

C. fetus ssp. veneralis in cattle CS

A

Bovine genital Campylobacteriosis
Infertility, early embryonic death and prolonged calving season
Mucopurulent endometritis

17
Q

C. fetus in humans

A

Opportunistic human pathogen
Causes systemic infections
Endocarditis, pericarditis, pneumonia, thrombophlebitis, peritonitis, meningoencephalitis

18
Q

Is Campylobacter zoonotic?

A

YES
Present in feces, vaginal discharges

19
Q

Campylobacter transmission from an infected hen

A

Vertical transmission: female repro tract or semen of roosters to the fertilized egg
False vertical: transmitted from eggs

20
Q

Microscopic examination of Campylobacter

A

Visualization of rods by phase-contrast or dark-field microscopy

21
Q

Definitive diagnosis of Campylobacter

A

Isolation using selective media and reduced O2 tension
Fetal and placental tissue, fecal culture
ELISA, molecular detection, PCR, biochem testing, serology
Remel Campy Blood Agar

22
Q

How is C. fetus distinguished from C. jejuni?

A

Optimal growth at 37C and susceptibility to cephalothin

23
Q

Campylobacteriosis treatment (human)

A

Self limiting
Fluids
Macrolide abx (erythromycin)

24
Q

C. jejuni complications (human)

A

Diarrhea causes Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) → muscle weakness, paralysis
Arthritis

25
Campylobacter post-mortem lesions
Congested and edematous colon Hemorrhagic colitis Edematous LNs Placentitis (mild) Autolyzed fetus
26
BGC diagnosis
Detection of IgA in cervical mucus Vaginal mucus agglutination test ELISA Culture bacteria from vaginal discharge and sheath washings
27
BGC vx
One given 4 weeks before breeding starts Re vx halfway through breeding season
28
Treating BGC
Infection eliminated by 1-2 treatments of streptomycin SC + oil-based streptomycin on penis for 3 days
29
Poultry prevention against campylobacter
Sanitation, exclude pests, all-in all-out, closed flock
30
What is Campylobacter susceptible to?
1% Na hypochlorite 70% ethanol 2% glutaraldehyde Iodine-based and phenolic disinfectants Formaldehyde Moist or dry heat
31
Outbreak of Campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of ___________
Raw peas
32
Important human pathogens of helicobacter
H. pylori (human with no animal reservoir) H. cinaedi (human, rodents) H. fenneliae (human, rodents)
33
Characteristics of H. pylori
Gram -, spiral shaped and rods, Corkscrew motility with mutliple flagella Microaeophillic
34
Virulence factors of H. pylori
Multiple flagella help with burrowing, ability to live in extreme acidity (beneficial to stomach), enzyme urease (weakens acidity)
35
H. pylori growth
Blood and chocolate agar after 2-5 day incubation
36
H. pylori transmission
Fecal-oral, gastric- oral, water, oral-oral Zoonotic
37
Which helicobacter are common in dogs and cats
H. canis, felis, heilmannii and bizzozeronii
38
Lab ID and diagnosis of helicobacter
Endoscopic and gastric biopsy (stomach lining) Stool antigen test (Ags) Stool PCR test Urea breath test (UBT)- gold standard
39
Helicobacter treatment
Amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole, bismuth subsalicylate, proton pump inhibitor, H2 blocker Omeprazole, azithromycin, clarithromycin