Campylobcter and Helicobacter Flashcards
Campylobacter characteristics
Gram -, non-spore forming, oxidase and nitrate reduction +, microaerophilic
Corkscrew motility
How are campylobacter jejuni colonies cultivated?
Microaerophilic conditions on modified CCD agar during 2 days at 42C
Which Campylobacteriaecae causes enteritis?
C. jejuni (99% for food contamination) and C. coli
Which Campylobacteriaecae causes infertility and abortion
C. jejuni in sheep
C. fetus ssp venerealis (BGC) in cattle
C. fetus ssp fetus abortion in ruminants
___________ and _________ are the most common causes of human and animal bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide
C. jejuni and C. coli
Campylobacteriosis
Common in high income countries
2.5 mill annual cases of GI disease in the US
Campylobacter
Source of food poisoning in US, Europe and Australia
Cause of morbidity and mortality in low income countries
Campylobacter transmission
Person to person
Consumption of raw chicken, contaminated water, milk or meat
Contact with birds, farm animals and pets
Fomites and arthropods
Artificial insemination
Where are C. jejuni and C. coli carried?
Intestinal tract of birds, domestic and wild animals
Which campylobacter species are most found in canine stools?
C. upsaliensis
________ and _______ are isolated from pigs
C. hyointestinalis and C. mucosalis
Where is C. fetus found?
Intestinal tract and gall bladder of infected ruminants
Which species are infected by C. jejuni and C. coli?
Cattle, sheep, chickens, turkeys, dogs, cats, pig and non-human primates
Campylobacter symptoms
Incubation period short
Appear within 3 days in puppies and rapidly in chicks and poults
C. fetus ssp fetus CS
Abortions, stillbirth and fertility in goats
Weak lambs, metritis and death in sheep
C. fetus ssp. veneralis in cattle CS
Bovine genital Campylobacteriosis
Infertility, early embryonic death and prolonged calving season
Mucopurulent endometritis
C. fetus in humans
Opportunistic human pathogen
Causes systemic infections
Endocarditis, pericarditis, pneumonia, thrombophlebitis, peritonitis, meningoencephalitis
Is Campylobacter zoonotic?
YES
Present in feces, vaginal discharges
Campylobacter transmission from an infected hen
Vertical transmission: female repro tract or semen of roosters to the fertilized egg
False vertical: transmitted from eggs
Microscopic examination of Campylobacter
Visualization of rods by phase-contrast or dark-field microscopy
Definitive diagnosis of Campylobacter
Isolation using selective media and reduced O2 tension
Fetal and placental tissue, fecal culture
ELISA, molecular detection, PCR, biochem testing, serology
Remel Campy Blood Agar
How is C. fetus distinguished from C. jejuni?
Optimal growth at 37C and susceptibility to cephalothin
Campylobacteriosis treatment (human)
Self limiting
Fluids
Macrolide abx (erythromycin)
C. jejuni complications (human)
Diarrhea causes Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS) → muscle weakness, paralysis
Arthritis
Campylobacter post-mortem lesions
Congested and edematous colon
Hemorrhagic colitis
Edematous LNs
Placentitis (mild)
Autolyzed fetus
BGC diagnosis
Detection of IgA in cervical mucus
Vaginal mucus agglutination test
ELISA
Culture bacteria from vaginal discharge and sheath washings
BGC vx
One given 4 weeks before breeding starts
Re vx halfway through breeding season
Treating BGC
Infection eliminated by 1-2 treatments of streptomycin SC + oil-based streptomycin on penis for 3 days
Poultry prevention against campylobacter
Sanitation, exclude pests, all-in all-out, closed flock
What is Campylobacter susceptible to?
1% Na hypochlorite
70% ethanol
2% glutaraldehyde
Iodine-based and phenolic disinfectants
Formaldehyde
Moist or dry heat
Outbreak of Campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of ___________
Raw peas
Important human pathogens of helicobacter
H. pylori (human with no animal reservoir)
H. cinaedi (human, rodents)
H. fenneliae (human, rodents)
Characteristics of H. pylori
Gram -, spiral shaped and rods,
Corkscrew motility with mutliple flagella
Microaeophillic
Virulence factors of H. pylori
Multiple flagella help with burrowing, ability to live in extreme acidity (beneficial to stomach), enzyme urease (weakens acidity)
H. pylori growth
Blood and chocolate agar after 2-5 day incubation
H. pylori transmission
Fecal-oral, gastric- oral, water, oral-oral
Zoonotic
Which helicobacter are common in dogs and cats
H. canis, felis, heilmannii and bizzozeronii
Lab ID and diagnosis of helicobacter
Endoscopic and gastric biopsy (stomach lining)
Stool antigen test (Ags)
Stool PCR test
Urea breath test (UBT)- gold standard
Helicobacter treatment
Amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole, bismuth subsalicylate, proton pump inhibitor, H2 blocker
Omeprazole, azithromycin, clarithromycin
