Bacillus, Trueperella, Listeria Flashcards by Trenni Jefferson

Listeria monocytogenes

Causative agent of human listeriosis
Agent of septicemic disease affecting rabbits and GPs
Most important in animals (birds and humans)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

L. monocytogenes characteristics

Gram + intracellular bacteria, motile, non-spore forming, facultative anaerobe, rod shaped
Catalase and L- rammnose + and oxidase -
Resistant to NaCl

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta hemolysin

L. monocytogenes expresses it
Causes RBC destruction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

L. monocytogenes serotypes

Serotyped according to somatic (O) and flagellar (H) AGs
More than 14

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Listeriosis

Sickens pregnant women and newborns, adults >65, immunocompromised
Facial and trigeminal n. Damage (facial paralysis and salivation)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Listeriosis food safety alert (CDC)

NY and PA found in Ice Cream House brand (Ice cream cups)
Enoki mushrooms
Deli meat and cheese

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Listeriosis transmission

Eating contaminated food
Person to person (sexual contact)
Mother to child (pregnancy or childbirth)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where has L. monocytogenes isolated from?

Meat or milk of goats, sheep, cattle, pig, chicken, quail, partridge, ostrich, buffaloes, fish
Veggies, seafoods

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How long does listeriosis survive?

@ 5C survives for 13 (milk), 16 (brain), 12 (feces and silage) years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Listeria illness

Invasive: everywhere
Noninvasive: intestine
Symptoms start within 2 weeks after eating food

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Listeria symptoms

Headache, stiff neck, confusion, meningitis, loss of balance, convulsions in pregnant women
Abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, septicemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Circling disease (sheep)

Septicemic (horses and pigs), encephalitic (circling), abortion form
Causes encephalitis, repeat breeding endometriosis and abortion
Conjunctivitis in ruminants, mastitis in cattle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Listeriolysin O

Most significant virulence factor
Responsible for B-hemolysis on erythrocytes and destruction of phagocytic cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Internalins (inIA)

Membrane proteins promoting cellular uptake
Virulence factor for Listeria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Listeriolysin (LLO)

Mediates intracellular survival and escape from phagosomes
Virulence factor for Listeria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phospholipases

Involved in lateral spread to adjacent cells
Virulence factor for Listeria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

L. innocua

Rare and cause meningoencephalitis in sheep (circling)
Acute and frequently fatal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

L. ivanovii

Causes abortion in sheep and goats
Late abortion after 7 months in cattle and 12 weeks in sheep

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Listeriosis diagnosis

Bacterial culture
Isolation from food, water, milk soil, silage and fecal samples
Oxford or RAPID’L.mono agar

Listeriosis treatments for animals

Procaine penicillin G and oxytetracycline (early)

Listeriosis treatments for humans

Penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin fluid therapy and supportive care

Bacillus characteristics

Gram +, spore forming, aerobic or facultative anaerobes
Inhabitant of soil and water
Catalase +

2001 Anthrax attacks

Letters with anthrax spores mailed to media office and senators
Killed 5 people and 17 infected

Which bacillus species is non motile?

B. Anthracis (endospore)

B. Anthracis

Causitive agent of anthrax- most important pathogen Zoonotic and biothreat agent

B. cereus

Human and canine food poisoning and rare case of bovine mastitis

B. thuringiensis

Naturally occurring soil bacterium Lepidopteran insect pathogen

B. subtilis

Model organism Food spoiler causing ropiness in bread and related food Produce and secrete abx

B. coagulans

Food spoilage of highly acidic, tomato-based products

B. Anthracis growth

Colonies grow on common media Not killed by heat fixation smear Resistant ins soil (50 years)

How is B. Anthracis killed?

Autoclaving 121C/15 min or dry heat Not susceptible to phenolic, alcoholic and quaternary ammonium disinfectants

Anthrax spread

Disease of cattle and sheep Infected discharge large # of bacilli from mouth, nose and rectum Biological weapon (spores)

Anthrax source of infection

Bacilli sporulate in soil Biting flies and consumption of infected meat

Anthrax animals infection

Dead, bloated, without rigor mortis Blood at body orifices Staggering, trembling, breathing difficult, convulsions

B. Anthracis virulence factors

Edema factor, protective Ag, lethal factor Harmless individually, deadly together

Protective Ag (PA)

Binds to the cell surface and forms a channel in the cell membrane to allow the other factors to enter the cell

Anthrax in horses

Colic and diarrhea Edema in throat or intestine causing asphyxiation Septicemic in horses

Anthrax in swine

Localization in pharyngeal tissues Cutaneous form called bull nose

Anthrax diagnose

Blood aspirated from superficial orifices, aqueous humor bloody discharges, spleen Exam Gram stain and McFadyen's methylene blue, PCR Ascoli prescription test

Anthrax control and prevention in humans

Penicillin and oxytetracycline Ciprofloxacin and doxycycline (prevention) Vx- Biothrax

Antitoxin use

Anthrax spores enter the body and activated → multiply, spread, and produce toxins → illness Antitoxin treats in toxins ⬆️⬆️

Anthrax spore vaccine

Sterne strain used in the form of live-spore vx Used in all domestic animals 1 cc SQ

Trueperella pyogenes

Faculative anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, catalase + Causes abscesses, mastitis, pneumonia in pigs and ruminants

T. pyogenes importance

Opportunistic and economically important livestock: dairy and beef cattle and swine

T. pyogenes infection

Physical or microbial trauma to the mucous membrane in udder, urogenital and upper resp. tract Lesions in elbow and shoulder joints and abscesses in pigs Cavities in lung tissue (chronic) SC compression Inflammatory and degenerative lesions of mammary glands

T. pyogenes treatment

Beta-lactams: penicillin and cephalosporin and tetracyclines, macrolides