Bacillus, Trueperella, Listeria Flashcards
Listeria monocytogenes
Causative agent of human listeriosis
Agent of septicemic disease affecting rabbits and GPs
Most important in animals (birds and humans)
L. monocytogenes characteristics
Gram + intracellular bacteria, motile, non-spore forming, facultative anaerobe, rod shaped
Catalase and L- rammnose + and oxidase -
Resistant to NaCl
Beta hemolysin
L. monocytogenes expresses it
Causes RBC destruction
L. monocytogenes serotypes
Serotyped according to somatic (O) and flagellar (H) AGs
More than 14
Listeriosis
Sickens pregnant women and newborns, adults >65, immunocompromised
Facial and trigeminal n. Damage (facial paralysis and salivation)
Listeriosis food safety alert (CDC)
NY and PA found in Ice Cream House brand (Ice cream cups)
Enoki mushrooms
Deli meat and cheese
Listeriosis transmission
Eating contaminated food
Person to person (sexual contact)
Mother to child (pregnancy or childbirth)
Where has L. monocytogenes isolated from?
Meat or milk of goats, sheep, cattle, pig, chicken, quail, partridge, ostrich, buffaloes, fish
Veggies, seafoods
How long does listeriosis survive?
@ 5C survives for 13 (milk), 16 (brain), 12 (feces and silage) years
Listeria illness
Invasive: everywhere
Noninvasive: intestine
Symptoms start within 2 weeks after eating food
Listeria symptoms
Headache, stiff neck, confusion, meningitis, loss of balance, convulsions in pregnant women
Abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, septicemia
Circling disease (sheep)
Septicemic (horses and pigs), encephalitic (circling), abortion form
Causes encephalitis, repeat breeding endometriosis and abortion
Conjunctivitis in ruminants, mastitis in cattle
Listeriolysin O
Most significant virulence factor
Responsible for B-hemolysis on erythrocytes and destruction of phagocytic cells
Internalins (inIA)
Membrane proteins promoting cellular uptake
Virulence factor for Listeria
Listeriolysin (LLO)
Mediates intracellular survival and escape from phagosomes
Virulence factor for Listeria
Phospholipases
Involved in lateral spread to adjacent cells
Virulence factor for Listeria
L. innocua
Rare and cause meningoencephalitis in sheep (circling)
Acute and frequently fatal
L. ivanovii
Causes abortion in sheep and goats
Late abortion after 7 months in cattle and 12 weeks in sheep
Listeriosis diagnosis
Bacterial culture
Isolation from food, water, milk soil, silage and fecal samples
Oxford or RAPID’L.mono agar
Listeriosis treatments for animals
Procaine penicillin G and oxytetracycline (early)
Listeriosis treatments for humans
Penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin fluid therapy and supportive care
Bacillus characteristics
Gram +, spore forming, aerobic or facultative anaerobes
Inhabitant of soil and water
Catalase +
2001 Anthrax attacks
Letters with anthrax spores mailed to media office and senators
Killed 5 people and 17 infected
Which bacillus species is non motile?
B. Anthracis (endospore)
B. Anthracis
Causitive agent of anthrax- most important pathogen
Zoonotic and biothreat agent
B. cereus
Human and canine food poisoning and rare case of bovine mastitis
B. thuringiensis
Naturally occurring soil bacterium
Lepidopteran insect pathogen
B. subtilis
Model organism
Food spoiler causing ropiness in bread and related food
Produce and secrete abx
B. coagulans
Food spoilage of highly acidic, tomato-based products
B. Anthracis growth
Colonies grow on common media
Not killed by heat fixation smear
Resistant ins soil (50 years)
How is B. Anthracis killed?
Autoclaving 121C/15 min or dry heat
Not susceptible to phenolic, alcoholic and quaternary ammonium disinfectants
Anthrax spread
Disease of cattle and sheep
Infected discharge large # of bacilli from mouth, nose and rectum
Biological weapon (spores)
Anthrax source of infection
Bacilli sporulate in soil
Biting flies and consumption of infected meat
Anthrax animals infection
Dead, bloated, without rigor mortis
Blood at body orifices
Staggering, trembling, breathing difficult, convulsions
B. Anthracis virulence factors
Edema factor, protective Ag, lethal factor
Harmless individually, deadly together
Protective Ag (PA)
Binds to the cell surface and forms a channel in the cell membrane to allow the other factors to enter the cell
Anthrax in horses
Colic and diarrhea
Edema in throat or intestine causing asphyxiation
Septicemic in horses
Anthrax in swine
Localization in pharyngeal tissues
Cutaneous form called bull nose
Anthrax diagnose
Blood aspirated from superficial orifices, aqueous humor bloody discharges, spleen
Exam
Gram stain and McFadyen’s methylene blue, PCR
Ascoli prescription test
Anthrax control and prevention in humans
Penicillin and oxytetracycline
Ciprofloxacin and doxycycline (prevention)
Vx- Biothrax
Antitoxin use
Anthrax spores enter the body and activated → multiply, spread, and produce toxins → illness
Antitoxin treats in toxins ⬆️⬆️
Anthrax spore vaccine
Sterne strain used in the form of live-spore vx
Used in all domestic animals 1 cc SQ
Trueperella pyogenes
Faculative anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, catalase +
Causes abscesses, mastitis, pneumonia in pigs and ruminants
T. pyogenes importance
Opportunistic and economically important livestock: dairy and beef cattle and swine
T. pyogenes infection
Physical or microbial trauma to the mucous membrane in udder, urogenital and upper resp. tract
Lesions in elbow and shoulder joints and abscesses in pigs
Cavities in lung tissue (chronic)
SC compression
Inflammatory and degenerative lesions of mammary glands
T. pyogenes treatment
Beta-lactams: penicillin and cephalosporin and tetracyclines, macrolides
