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1. Infection & Immunity > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

Genus Mycobacteria

A

Ubiquitous, rod shaped, non motile, non spore forming
Non capsulated and resist decolorization
Cell walls have mycolic acid and acid-fast bacilli

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2
Q

What does mycolic acid do?

A

Inhibits uptake of nutrients into bacterial cell
Causes cell to clump

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3
Q

The generation or doubling time for M tuberculosis is __________

A

18-24 hours

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4
Q

Mycobacterium growth

A

Löwenstein-Jensen medium
Readily killed by heat (pasteurization)
Resistant to chemical change and drying

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5
Q

Most mycobacteria are _________

A

Non pathogenic (soil and water organisms)

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6
Q

M. Tuberculosis transmission

A

Humans tuberculosis (TB)
From milk without proper pasteurization, human to human (resp. aerosols)

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7
Q

M. Tuberculosis Epidemiology

A

1/3 world pop carries (not infections but (TB+)
8 mill cases / year
3 mill deaths/ year

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8
Q

M. Tuberculosis Pathogenesis

A

Chronic infectious disease
Inhaling droplet with tubercle bacilli
Resist macrophages and multiply intracellularly

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9
Q

Tubercle bacilli size significance

A

Because they’re small, they’re airborne for long periods of time —> ingestion

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10
Q

Mycobacterium Bovis

A

Live attenuated bovine strain
Media is Bacille-Calmette-Guerin
Used to immunize humans

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11
Q

How does M. Bovis affect cattle?

A

Affects respiratory tract + adjacent LNs
Hematogenous dissemination with liver and kidneys
Uterus= fetal infection
Abortion (less than 2%)

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12
Q

Clinical signs of M. Bovis

A

Lesion in lung
Infection of udder
Contaminated milk
Coughing and sneezing

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13
Q

M. Bovis spread

A

Contaminated feed, aerosol form other cattle

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14
Q

M. avium spp. avium

A

Poultry infections via alimentary canal, disseminate to liver and spleen
Psittacine resistant but susceptible

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15
Q

Dogs and cats with mycobacteria

A

Infected with M. Bovis
Dogs susceptible to M. Tuberculosis

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16
Q

Horses with mycobacterium

A

Rarely infected but more with M. Avium ssp. Hominissuis

17
Q

Primates infected with My bacterium

A

Susceptible to M. Tuberculosis than M. Bovis. Resistant to M. Avium

18
Q

Diagnosis of mycobacterium

A

Ziehl- Neelsen/ acid-fast stain
Smear with red stain carbon-fuschin
Counter stain with methylene blue

19
Q

Cold stain modification for mycobacterium diagnosis

A

The carbol-fuschin first dissolved in detergent

20
Q

TB skin test (Mantoux tuberculin test)

A

Intradermal injection Of Ags
Human: Purified protein derivative
Cattle: comparative Intradermal tuberculin

21
Q

Tuberculin testing sites

A

Human: inner arm
Bovine: skin of caudal folds
Swine: skin of ear
Avian: wattles (swelling +)

22
Q

Treatment for Mycobacteria

A

First-line and second-line drugs
Prophylactic treatment with isoniazid for pets

23
Q

Mycobacteria control/ prevention in cattle

A

ID and elimination of infected
No BCG vx in low prevalent situations
Distinguish infected from vaccinated

24
Q

M. Avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP)

A

Broad host range, high degree of tropism
Causes chorionic enteritis and chronic granulomatous disease

25
Q

Paratuberculosis

A

Chronic inflammation of intestine caused by M . Paratuberculosis
Chron’s disease in humans
Johne’s disease of ruminants

26
Q

Where is M. Avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP) found?

A

Isolated from gut/ feces
In milk, feces, and meat of infected cattle
In water supplies with infected cattle feces

27
Q

What is MAP resistant to?

A

Standard food processing techniques (pasteurization and cooking)
Standard water treatment methods

28
Q

Clincal symptoms of MAP

A

Emaciation
Unresponsive to dewormers and antibiotics
Profuse water diarrhea (cattle)
Intermandibular edema

29
Q

Differential diagnosis of paratuberculosis

A

Intestinal parasitism, chronic malnutrition, caseous lymphadentitis, ovine progressive pneumonia, environmental toxins, cancer

30
Q

Johne’s disease public health

A

Most serious disease affecting cattle industry
Difficult to recognize, control and treat
Increased milk contamination

31
Q

Diagnostic tests for MAP

A

Culture of feces
8-24 weeks incubation
Blood tests, ELISA, acid-fast staining of intestinal mucosa
PCR

32
Q

Leprosy

A

M. Leprae (human)
M. Lepraemurium (rodent)
More common in tropical countries
Not highly contagious

33
Q

How is leprosy transmitted

A

When exudate of mucous membrane lesions and skin ulcers reach broken skin
Young children and males susceptible

1. Infection & Immunity (19 decks)

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