Mycoplasma + Chlamydia Flashcards
Mycoplasma belongs to the class_________
Mollicutes
Mycoplasma morphology
Smallest prokarys
Lack cell wall
Facultative anaerobes
Mycoplasma nutritional requirements
Limited biosynthetic potential (depend on host micoenvironment)
Exogenous fatty acids and sterols required
Mycoplasma growth
Require special media
Generation time of 1-6 hours
Fried egg appearance
Non-hemotropic mycoplasma
Most affect mucous membranes
Direct or indirect contact
Ex: Myco bronchopneumonia (M. bovis)
CS of non-hemotropic myoplasma
Respiratory and urogenital infections
Conjunctivitis, arthritis, mastitis, septicemia, otitis media
Hemotropic mycoplasma/ Hemoplasma
Transmitted by arthropods
Colonize RBCs (hemolysis)
Small, rod, on RBC surface
Hemotropic Mycoplasma CS
Hemolytic anemia, icterus, splenomegaly
Dx: Wrights, Giemsa, Diff-Qik
M. gallisepticum
Chronic resp. disease (CRD)
Most pathogenic avian myco.
Turkeys more susceptible
Swollen infraorbital sinuses
Chronic respiratory disease CS
Sinusitis, nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, respiratory rales, conjunctivitis
M. synoviae
Upper resp. infection, airsacculitis, synovitis, green diarrhea and liver,
Subclinical/ carrier infections
M. meleagridis
Resp. disease in turkeys (via eggs)
Stunted growth, poor feathering and leg problem
M. iowae
Reduced hatchability, embryo mortality, resp. and leg problems in turkeys
How do you treat Mycoplasma in birds?
Macrolides: Erythromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline
Tylosin for meleagridis
Mycoplasma species in swine
M. hyopneumoniae, hyosynoviae, hyorhinis
M. hyopneumoniae
Porcine enzootic pneumonia
Economic problem worldwide
Damages airways cilia
M. hyosynoviae
Sporadic disease with polyarthritis in young animals 3-6 months
M. hyorhinis
Sporadic polyserositis and polyarthritis in young animals
Indistinguishable from Glasser’s in pigs <3 months old
M. bovis
Bronchopneumonia
Shipping fever and calf pneumonia
$32 million/yr for US
CS of M. bovis
Arthtritis, keratovonjunctivitis, mastitis, abortions, otitis, abscess, oophoritis, genital infection
Contagious agalactia
Small ruminants
Mastitis, arthritis, conjunctivitis
Causes by M. mycoides capri, capricolum capricolum
Mycoplasma in cats and dogs
Oropharyngeal flora in cats
Upper resp, tracts of dogs
M. cynos: canine infectious resp. disease
M. felis
Causes conjunctivitis and secondary pneumonia
Pathogen for pleuritis in horses
What are the 4 common agents causing feline conjunctivitis
Feline herpes viris
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Calicivirus
Mycoplasma pathogenesis
Interfere with host cell protein and ATP synthesis
Damage and loss of cilia in resp. tract
Buildup in cytotoxic metabolites and enzymes
Mycoplasma diagnosis
PCR**
Skin scrape for cats (stain for IBs)
Culture (not practical)
_____________ infection is the most widespread bacterial STD in the world and top reported disease to CDC
C. trachomatis
Chlamydia general characteristics
Intracellular: grow in yolk sac and tissue culture, energy dependent
(energy parasites)
Cell wall visible by giemsa (DiffQuik)
Elementary bodies of chlamydia
Infectious forms
Can survive in water for several days and dry environ for longer
Released by lysis
Reticulate bodies of chlamydia
Larger, non-infectious intracellular forms
Metabolically active, can replicate
Chlamydia life cycle
In vitro for 30-40 hrs
Chlamydia is spread through ________
direct contact
Chlamydia pathogenesis
Infects epithelial cells
Host macromolecule synthesis ceases
Cell autolysis
LPS and tissue damage initiates inflammatory rx
Psittacosis/ orinthosis (parrot fever)
Chlamydial disease (notifiable)
Category B agent
Caused by C. psittaci
Occupational disease
Psittacosis susceptibility
Pigeons develop a subclin disease
Turkeys more sensitive
50-80% morbidity
Psittacosis CS
Fever, anorexia, conjunctivitis, yellow-green gelatinous droppings
Drop in egg production
Pneumonitis, arthritis
Psittacosis transmission
Inhalation of aerosolized bacteria from droppings, feathers or tissues, urine, saliva, feces, etc.
Chlamydial abortion
In women, cattle, sheep, pigs and horses
Casues by C. abortus
Late pregnancy abortions and retained placenta
C. felis
In cats causes acute, chronic or recurrent conjunctivitis
< 1 yr old
IBs
Chlamydia diagnosis
IBs show in cytology/ staining
PCR
Tissue culture
IFAT (immunofluorescent Ab test)
Chlamydia sensitivity
Doxycycline (act on protein synthesis)
Quaternary ammonium compounds and chlorphenol, 1% bleach disinfectants
