Non-enteric Part 3 Flashcards
Genus Brucella
Gram-neg, non motile, coccobacilli or small rods
Category B
Aerobic capnophilic
Facultative intracellular parasites
Species with with genus ________ considered potential bioterrorism
Brucella
Brucellosis
Zoonotic
Eradicated from US and Canada, but still “A reportable disease”
Intracellular pathogen—> leading cause of abortion and sterility in domestic animals
What animals do Brucellosis affect?
Human, ruminants, swine, cervids, lagomorphs, rodents, canids, marine mammals
Which animals are resistant to Brucellosis?
Cats
Habitat for Brucellosis
Remain viable for 6 months at 0 degrees Celsius
Up to 125 days dust, soil and up to 1 yr in feces
B. Abortus is an agent of _______
Bangs disease
Which animals are reservoirs for Bangs Disease?
American Bison and elk in Yellowstone
B. Abortus
Sheds in large #s in the afterbirth , placental fluids, aborted fetus and vaginal discharge
Horses with B. Abortus
Localized infection of bursa and joints
Recovered from lesions of fistulous withers, Poll evil and hygroma
________ is the most virulent of the Brucella species
B. Melitensis
accounts for most cases of human brucellosis
Undulant Fever
Human brucellosis
Manifested by fluctuation of body temperature
Transmission of Undulant Fever
Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (main)
Abraded skin, inhalation of infectious aerosol, contamination of conjunctiva or mucous
Brucellae species pathogenic to humans
B. Melitensis, Abortus, Canis, suis
Virulence factor of Brucellosis
Ability to survive within the host
Uses mechanism that avoids fusion of initial phagosome with lysosome
Diagnosis of Brucella
Modified acid fast for direct clinical examination (stains red- placenta, LN)
Intradermal test
Immunological assays
Biosafety level 3
What does Brucella need for blood agar?
Require aa, nicotinamide, thiamine and Mg ions for growth, incubated @ 8-10 % CO2
Immunological Assay tests
Milk ring test (looking for Ab @ top of milk if +)
Rose Bengal plate test (colored Ag for +)
2 major strategies to eradicate Brucellosis (B. Abortus)
- Testing and elimination of infected animals (1934)
- Vx using Strain 19 (1939) —> Vx RB-51 used now
B. Melitensis prevention
REV1 Vx (live attenuated strain)
T/F: Treatment of infected animals with Brucellosis is not advocated
TRUE
Genus Bordetella
Gram-neg, small rods
Aerobic/ facultative anaerobic
Doesn’t attack sugars
Natural habitat of upper resp. tract of mammals and birds
Transmitted by aerosol
Species of Bordetella
Pertussis: whopping cough
Parapertussis: human whooping cough
Bronchiseptica: kennel cough*
Avium: avian bordetellosis/ turkey coryza
B. Bronchispetica
Agents of “Kennel cough” or Infectious canine tracheo-bronchitis of young dogs
Secondary invader following distemper virus
Puppies shed B. Bronchiseptica 3 months after infection
B. Bronchiseptica in swine
Agent of less sever and self-limiting atrophic rhinitis
Pathogenesis of B. Bronchiseptica
Organism attaches to cilia and results in cilostasis, bringing accumulation of mucous and cough
Toxins, adhesin, LPS
Diagnosis of B. Bronchiseptica
Culture (blood agar and McCon)
Clinical and postmortem exams
Specimens: transtracheal aspirates, nasal and tracheal swabs
Prevention and control of B. Bronchiseptica
Immediate isolation
Good husbandry and management
Parenteral and intranasal vx for Kennel cough
Genus Francisella
Small gram-neg coccobacillus
F. Tularensis sub tularensis and holarctica
Intracellular pathogen (in Vivo)
Fastidious in lab, survive for several months (in vitro)
Francisella tularensis is an agent of _________
Tularemia
Tularemia forms of disease
Ulcero-glandular (primary ulcer)
Glandular (regional lymphadenopathy)
Oropharyngeal (ingestion of contaminated food/ water)
Pneumonic
Oculo-glandular (conjunctivitis, preauricular lymphadenopathy)
Typhoidal (high fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly)
Intestinal
Tularemia
Infection routes: respiratory, cutaneous, oral
Sheep infected via ticks
Active infection: rising Ab titer
Gentamicin drug of choice for animal use
Tularemia in cats
More common in cats than dogs
Considered in cats with a history of ingestion of wild prey
Signs: malaise, lymphadenopathy, oral ulcers
History of Tularemia
Isolated 1912 in rodents in Tulare county CA
Classified as Pasterurella till 1947
Dr. Edward Francis first PH physician who cultured bacterium
Other names for Tularemia
Rabbit fever, hare fever, deerfly fever, lemming fever or Ohara’s disease (zoonotic)
Importance of Tularemia
Category A select agent (high infectivity)
Lagomorphs and rodents reservoirs
Weaponized
Select-agents
Biological agents and toxins that have the potential to pose a sever threat to public, animals or plant health
Genus Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram-neg, aerobic, non-spore forming, oxidase positive, non fermenting and MacConk
Motile with single polar flagellum
Habitat for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Soil, moist environments, water, decaying organic matter
Opportunistic
Virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Adhesin, capsule, endotoxin, exotoxin, iron-acquiring siderophores pysochelin and pyoverdin
How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa classified?
Nosocomial pathogen (infections 4/1000 discharges)- 10.1%
Antibiotic resistance (R. plasmids)
What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa form?
Biofilms on semen extenders, hospital catheters and other tubing equipment
Associated with contaminated water bottles of GPs
Animals disease caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Dogs: otitis externa
Horse: corneal ulcer, metritis
Cattle: mastitis, abortion
Sheep: Fleece-rot
Captive snakes: necrotic stomatitis
Other: UTI, wound infections, granulomas, abscesses
