Non-enteric Part 3

Question 1

Genus Brucella

Answer 1

Gram-neg, non motile, coccobacilli or small rods
Category B
Aerobic capnophilic
Facultative intracellular parasites

Question 2

Species with with genus ________ considered potential bioterrorism

Answer 2

Brucella

Question 3

Brucellosis

Answer 3

Zoonotic
Eradicated from US and Canada, but still “A reportable disease”
Intracellular pathogen—> leading cause of abortion and sterility in domestic animals

Question 4

What animals do Brucellosis affect?

Answer 4

Human, ruminants, swine, cervids, lagomorphs, rodents, canids, marine mammals

Question 5

Which animals are resistant to Brucellosis?

Answer 5

Cats

Question 6

Habitat for Brucellosis

Answer 6

Remain viable for 6 months at 0 degrees Celsius
Up to 125 days dust, soil and up to 1 yr in feces

Question 7

B. Abortus is an agent of _______

Answer 7

Bangs disease

Question 8

Which animals are reservoirs for Bangs Disease?

Answer 8

American Bison and elk in Yellowstone

Question 9

B. Abortus

Answer 9

Sheds in large #s in the afterbirth , placental fluids, aborted fetus and vaginal discharge

Question 10

Horses with B. Abortus

Answer 10

Localized infection of bursa and joints
Recovered from lesions of fistulous withers, Poll evil and hygroma

Question 11

________ is the most virulent of the Brucella species

Answer 11

B. Melitensis
accounts for most cases of human brucellosis

Question 12

Undulant Fever

Answer 12

Human brucellosis
Manifested by fluctuation of body temperature

Question 13

Transmission of Undulant Fever

Answer 13

Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (main)
Abraded skin, inhalation of infectious aerosol, contamination of conjunctiva or mucous

Question 14

Brucellae species pathogenic to humans

Answer 14

B. Melitensis, Abortus, Canis, suis

Question 15

Virulence factor of Brucellosis

Answer 15

Ability to survive within the host
Uses mechanism that avoids fusion of initial phagosome with lysosome

Question 16

Diagnosis of Brucella

Answer 16

Modified acid fast for direct clinical examination (stains red- placenta, LN)
Intradermal test
Immunological assays
Biosafety level 3

Question 17

What does Brucella need for blood agar?

Answer 17

Require aa, nicotinamide, thiamine and Mg ions for growth, incubated @ 8-10 % CO2

Question 18

Immunological Assay tests

Answer 18

Milk ring test (looking for Ab @ top of milk if +)
Rose Bengal plate test (colored Ag for +)

Question 19

2 major strategies to eradicate Brucellosis (B. Abortus)

Answer 19

1. Testing and elimination of infected animals (1934)
2. Vx using Strain 19 (1939) —> Vx RB-51 used now

Question 20

B. Melitensis prevention

Answer 20

REV1 Vx (live attenuated strain)

Question 21

T/F: Treatment of infected animals with Brucellosis is not advocated

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Genus Bordetella

Answer 22

Gram-neg, small rods
Aerobic/ facultative anaerobic
Doesn’t attack sugars
Natural habitat of upper resp. tract of mammals and birds
Transmitted by aerosol

Question 23

Species of Bordetella

Answer 23

Pertussis: whopping cough
Parapertussis: human whooping cough
Bronchiseptica: kennel cough*
Avium: avian bordetellosis/ turkey coryza

Question 24

B. Bronchispetica

Answer 24

Agents of “Kennel cough” or Infectious canine tracheo-bronchitis of young dogs
Secondary invader following distemper virus
Puppies shed B. Bronchiseptica 3 months after infection

Question 25

B. Bronchiseptica in swine

Answer 25

Agent of less sever and self-limiting atrophic rhinitis

Question 26

Pathogenesis of B. Bronchiseptica

Answer 26

Organism attaches to cilia and results in cilostasis, bringing accumulation of mucous and cough Toxins, adhesin, LPS

Question 27

Diagnosis of B. Bronchiseptica

Answer 27

Culture (blood agar and McCon) Clinical and postmortem exams Specimens: transtracheal aspirates, nasal and tracheal swabs

Question 28

Prevention and control of B. Bronchiseptica

Answer 28

Immediate isolation Good husbandry and management Parenteral and intranasal vx for Kennel cough

Question 29

Genus Francisella

Answer 29

Small gram-neg coccobacillus F. Tularensis sub tularensis and holarctica Intracellular pathogen (in Vivo) Fastidious in lab, survive for several months (in vitro)

Question 30

Francisella tularensis is an agent of _________

Answer 30

Tularemia

Question 31

Tularemia forms of disease

Answer 31

Ulcero-glandular (primary ulcer) Glandular (regional lymphadenopathy) Oropharyngeal (ingestion of contaminated food/ water) Pneumonic Oculo-glandular (conjunctivitis, preauricular lymphadenopathy) Typhoidal (high fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly) Intestinal

Question 32

Tularemia

Answer 32

Infection routes: respiratory, cutaneous, oral Sheep infected via ticks Active infection: rising Ab titer Gentamicin drug of choice for animal use

Question 33

Tularemia in cats

Answer 33

More common in cats than dogs Considered in cats with a history of ingestion of wild prey Signs: malaise, lymphadenopathy, oral ulcers

Question 34

History of Tularemia

Answer 34

Isolated 1912 in rodents in Tulare county CA Classified as Pasterurella till 1947 Dr. Edward Francis first PH physician who cultured bacterium

Question 35

Other names for Tularemia

Answer 35

Rabbit fever, hare fever, deerfly fever, lemming fever or Ohara's disease (zoonotic)

Question 36

Importance of Tularemia

Answer 36

Category A select agent (high infectivity) Lagomorphs and rodents reservoirs Weaponized

Question 37

Select-agents

Answer 37

Biological agents and toxins that have the potential to pose a sever threat to public, animals or plant health

Question 38

Genus Pseudomonas

Answer 38

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram-neg, aerobic, non-spore forming, oxidase positive, non fermenting and MacConk Motile with single polar flagellum

Question 39

Habitat for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 39

Soil, moist environments, water, decaying organic matter Opportunistic

Question 40

Virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 40

Adhesin, capsule, endotoxin, exotoxin, iron-acquiring siderophores pysochelin and pyoverdin

Question 41

How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa classified?

Answer 41

Nosocomial pathogen (infections 4/1000 discharges)- 10.1% Antibiotic resistance (R. plasmids)

Question 42

What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa form?

Answer 42

Biofilms on semen extenders, hospital catheters and other tubing equipment Associated with contaminated water bottles of GPs

Question 43

Animals disease caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 43

Dogs: otitis externa Horse: corneal ulcer, metritis Cattle: mastitis, abortion Sheep: Fleece-rot Captive snakes: necrotic stomatitis Other: UTI, wound infections, granulomas, abscesses