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1. Infection & Immunity > Non-enteric Part 3 > Flashcards

Non-enteric Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Genus Brucella

A

Gram-neg, non motile, coccobacilli or small rods
Category B
Aerobic capnophilic
Facultative intracellular parasites

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2
Q

Species with with genus ________ considered potential bioterrorism

A

Brucella

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3
Q

Brucellosis

A

Zoonotic
Eradicated from US and Canada, but still “A reportable disease”
Intracellular pathogen—> leading cause of abortion and sterility in domestic animals

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4
Q

What animals do Brucellosis affect?

A

Human, ruminants, swine, cervids, lagomorphs, rodents, canids, marine mammals

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5
Q

Which animals are resistant to Brucellosis?

A

Cats

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6
Q

Habitat for Brucellosis

A

Remain viable for 6 months at 0 degrees Celsius
Up to 125 days dust, soil and up to 1 yr in feces

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7
Q

B. Abortus is an agent of _______

A

Bangs disease

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8
Q

Which animals are reservoirs for Bangs Disease?

A

American Bison and elk in Yellowstone

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9
Q

B. Abortus

A

Sheds in large #s in the afterbirth , placental fluids, aborted fetus and vaginal discharge

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10
Q

Horses with B. Abortus

A

Localized infection of bursa and joints
Recovered from lesions of fistulous withers, Poll evil and hygroma

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11
Q

________ is the most virulent of the Brucella species

A

B. Melitensis
accounts for most cases of human brucellosis

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12
Q

Undulant Fever

A

Human brucellosis
Manifested by fluctuation of body temperature

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13
Q

Transmission of Undulant Fever

A

Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (main)
Abraded skin, inhalation of infectious aerosol, contamination of conjunctiva or mucous

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14
Q

Brucellae species pathogenic to humans

A

B. Melitensis, Abortus, Canis, suis

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15
Q

Virulence factor of Brucellosis

A

Ability to survive within the host
Uses mechanism that avoids fusion of initial phagosome with lysosome

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16
Q

Diagnosis of Brucella

A

Modified acid fast for direct clinical examination (stains red- placenta, LN)
Intradermal test
Immunological assays
Biosafety level 3

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17
Q

What does Brucella need for blood agar?

A

Require aa, nicotinamide, thiamine and Mg ions for growth, incubated @ 8-10 % CO2

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18
Q

Immunological Assay tests

A

Milk ring test (looking for Ab @ top of milk if +)
Rose Bengal plate test (colored Ag for +)

19
Q

2 major strategies to eradicate Brucellosis (B. Abortus)

A
  1. Testing and elimination of infected animals (1934)
  2. Vx using Strain 19 (1939) —> Vx RB-51 used now
20
Q

B. Melitensis prevention

A

REV1 Vx (live attenuated strain)

21
Q

T/F: Treatment of infected animals with Brucellosis is not advocated

A

TRUE

22
Q

Genus Bordetella

A

Gram-neg, small rods
Aerobic/ facultative anaerobic
Doesn’t attack sugars
Natural habitat of upper resp. tract of mammals and birds
Transmitted by aerosol

23
Q

Species of Bordetella

A

Pertussis: whopping cough
Parapertussis: human whooping cough
Bronchiseptica: kennel cough*
Avium: avian bordetellosis/ turkey coryza

24
Q

B. Bronchispetica

A

Agents of “Kennel cough” or Infectious canine tracheo-bronchitis of young dogs
Secondary invader following distemper virus
Puppies shed B. Bronchiseptica 3 months after infection

25
Q

B. Bronchiseptica in swine

A

Agent of less sever and self-limiting atrophic rhinitis

26
Q

Pathogenesis of B. Bronchiseptica

A

Organism attaches to cilia and results in cilostasis, bringing accumulation of mucous and cough
Toxins, adhesin, LPS

27
Q

Diagnosis of B. Bronchiseptica

A

Culture (blood agar and McCon)
Clinical and postmortem exams
Specimens: transtracheal aspirates, nasal and tracheal swabs

28
Q

Prevention and control of B. Bronchiseptica

A

Immediate isolation
Good husbandry and management
Parenteral and intranasal vx for Kennel cough

29
Q

Genus Francisella

A

Small gram-neg coccobacillus
F. Tularensis sub tularensis and holarctica
Intracellular pathogen (in Vivo)
Fastidious in lab, survive for several months (in vitro)

30
Q

Francisella tularensis is an agent of _________

A

Tularemia

31
Q

Tularemia forms of disease

A

Ulcero-glandular (primary ulcer)
Glandular (regional lymphadenopathy)
Oropharyngeal (ingestion of contaminated food/ water)
Pneumonic
Oculo-glandular (conjunctivitis, preauricular lymphadenopathy)
Typhoidal (high fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly)
Intestinal

32
Q

Tularemia

A

Infection routes: respiratory, cutaneous, oral
Sheep infected via ticks
Active infection: rising Ab titer
Gentamicin drug of choice for animal use

33
Q

Tularemia in cats

A

More common in cats than dogs
Considered in cats with a history of ingestion of wild prey
Signs: malaise, lymphadenopathy, oral ulcers

34
Q

History of Tularemia

A

Isolated 1912 in rodents in Tulare county CA
Classified as Pasterurella till 1947
Dr. Edward Francis first PH physician who cultured bacterium

35
Q

Other names for Tularemia

A

Rabbit fever, hare fever, deerfly fever, lemming fever or Ohara’s disease (zoonotic)

36
Q

Importance of Tularemia

A

Category A select agent (high infectivity)
Lagomorphs and rodents reservoirs
Weaponized

37
Q

Select-agents

A

Biological agents and toxins that have the potential to pose a sever threat to public, animals or plant health

38
Q

Genus Pseudomonas

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram-neg, aerobic, non-spore forming, oxidase positive, non fermenting and MacConk
Motile with single polar flagellum

39
Q

Habitat for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Soil, moist environments, water, decaying organic matter
Opportunistic

40
Q

Virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Adhesin, capsule, endotoxin, exotoxin, iron-acquiring siderophores pysochelin and pyoverdin

41
Q

How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa classified?

A

Nosocomial pathogen (infections 4/1000 discharges)- 10.1%
Antibiotic resistance (R. plasmids)

42
Q

What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa form?

A

Biofilms on semen extenders, hospital catheters and other tubing equipment
Associated with contaminated water bottles of GPs

43
Q

Animals disease caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Dogs: otitis externa
Horse: corneal ulcer, metritis
Cattle: mastitis, abortion
Sheep: Fleece-rot
Captive snakes: necrotic stomatitis
Other: UTI, wound infections, granulomas, abscesses

1. Infection & Immunity (19 decks)

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