Gram-positive bacteria

Question 1

Staphylococci features

Answer 1

Spherical gram-positive
Catalase positive
No spores or flagella

Question 2

Staphylococci species

Answer 2

S. hyicus
S. pseudointermedius
S. aureus

Question 3

Staph. natural habitat

Answer 3

Colonize external nares, nasopharynx skin and mucus membranes

Question 4

Staph. resistance

Answer 4

Harsh environments, heat, salt and certain disinfectants

Question 5

Pathogenesis of Staph. bacteria

Answer 5

Pyogenic, local abscess and botryomycosis
Enzymes: staphylokinase, coagulase, hyaluronidase, lipase, protease, urease
Toxic shock syndrome STSS

Question 6

Staph. bacteria toxins

Answer 6

Enterotoxins (superantigen activity of T cells)
Exofoliation A & B (produces staph. scalded skin syndrome)
Epidermolytic toxin in porcine exudative epidermis
Alfa-toxin (gangernous mastitis in cattle)
Hemolysis toxins

Question 7

S. aureus

Answer 7

Mastitis* in large animals
Bumble foot in chickens
Wound, skin and vaginal infections (opportunistic)

Question 8

S. pseudointermedius

Answer 8

In dogs and cats causes pustular dermatitis, pyoderma, otitis externa, eye lid and conjunctiva infections

Question 9

Staph. hyicus

Answer 9

Greasy pig disease

Question 10

Identification of Staph. bacteria

Answer 10

Culture on blood agar
Gram stain, catalase, coagulase, urease tests
Differential medium (purple agar base)

Question 11

Staph. is 95% resistant to _________

Answer 11

Penicillin and methicillin
(Methicillin-resistant S. aureus)

Question 12

Treatment of Staph, strepto and entero.

Answer 12

Vancomycin (now growing resistance)
Immediate treatment of clinical cases
Culling chronically infected cows
Pre- and post- milking teat dipping

Question 13

Streptococci and Enterococci

Answer 13

Single cocci in pairs or chain
Catalase and oxidase negative
Fastidious and non-motile

Question 14

Strepto. and Entero. tolerate what?

Answer 14

High salt and bile salts

Question 15

Strepto. natural habitat

Answer 15

Commensals on the upper resp. and lower urogenital systems of animals

Question 16

Entero. natural habitat

Answer 16

Opportunistic and found in the GI tract of animals

Question 17

Differentiation hemolysis

Answer 17

On sheep blood agar:
Alpha hemolysis: partial- green
Beta: complete- yellow
Gamma- none

Question 18

Lancefield Groups

Answer 18

Carb. cell wall Ag
A-H and K-V
Group A beta- hemolytic (human)
Group C beta-hemolytic (animal)

Question 19

Strepto. pathogenesis

Answer 19

Polysaccharide capsules anti-phagocytic
CAMP factor, beta hemolysin

Question 20

Strepto. agalactia group B

Answer 20

Chronic mastitis in cattle goats and sheep
Neonatal septicemia in bubbies
Kidney infection in cats

Question 21

Strepto. dysgalactiae ssp. dysgalactiae group C

Answer 21

Acute mastitis in cattle
Polyarthritis in sheep

Question 22

Strepto. dysgalactiae ssp. equsimilis group C

Answer 22

Horse endometritis, mastitis, abortion and abscesses

Question 23

Strepto. equi spp. equi group C

Answer 23

Strangles, genital and suppurative conditions and mastitis
Bastard or metastatic strangles

Question 24

Strepto. procins group E

Answer 24

Jowl abscesses and lymphadenitis in pigs

Question 25

Strepto. suis group D

Answer 25

Meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia, endocarditis, septicemia in pigs

Question 26

E. faecalis, faecium and durans group D

Answer 26

Septicemia in chicken, bovine mastitis, Endocarditis in cattle
UTI in dogs

Question 27

Diagnosis of Strepto. and Entero.

Answer 27

Gram stain
Culture (incubate in high CO2 environment at 37C)
Catalase test
Hemolysis pattern and lancefield groups

Question 28

How does enterococci grow?

Answer 28

6.5% sodium chloride
0.02% sodium azide

Question 29

Streptococci and Enterococci has resistance to _________

Answer 29

First-line antibiotics