Enteric Gram-neg (part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Genus Edwardsiella

A

E. tarda (animals infections)
E. ictaluri (animal infections)
E. hoshinae (non pathogen in reptiles and birds)

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2
Q

Where is Edwardsiella found?

A

Freshwater environment and intestinal tract of cold-blooded animals

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3
Q

Which animals are Edwardsiella found in?

A

Fish, eels and some higher vertebrates

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4
Q

E. tarda

A

Causes skin sores in warm water fish that progresses to ulcers

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5
Q

E. ictaluri

A

Causes enteric septicemia in catfish
“Hole in the head disease”

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6
Q

Edwards disease

A

Most important bacterial disease of aquaculture, 50% motility with annual loss of millions
Prevalent in the SE US

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7
Q

When does Edwards disease outbreak occur?

A

When water temperature rises to about 65 degrees Fahrenheit

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8
Q

Affected fish with edwards

A

Hang in vertical position at the pond surface may spin rapidly

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9
Q

Virulence factors of Edwards

A

Invasins, siderophores, hemolyins

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10
Q

Diagnosis of Edwards

A

Isolation of bacteria from affected tissue
Organisms grow at 25 degrees celcius for 48 hrs, biochemical test for ID
Serum agglutination or fluorescent Ab test

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11
Q

E. Tarda diagnosis

A

Lactose negative, produced H2S (confused with salmonella)

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12
Q

Prevention and control of Edwards

A

Removal of dead fish
Control of aquatic birds (transporters)
Feed containing oxytetracyclin and trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole

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13
Q

Genus Proteus

A

Produce swarmer cells with pretentious flagella
Species: P. myxofaciens, penneri, hauseri, mirabilis, vulgaris
Rapid urease activity

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14
Q

Where is Proteus found?

A

Soil, water, intestinal tract of birds, cold blooded animals, mammals and fecal contaminated materials

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15
Q

Proteus epidemiology

A

Isolated from UTI, prostatitis, nosomial bactermia
Prolonged antibiotic therapy predispose calves to proteus enteritis

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16
Q

Proteus canine infection

A

Cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, wounds, otitis externa

17
Q

Proteus pathogenesis

A

Virulence factors: Urease, endotoxin, IgA protease, fimbriae, hemolysins, swarming motility and iron bdining sidephores

18
Q

Proteus urolithiasis

A

Urease will cleave urea in urine –> CO2 and ammonia produced –> increases urine alkaline –>soluble ions crystalizes due to increased pH

19
Q

Prevention and control of Proteus

A

Plasmid resistance to tetracycline
Depends on drug sensitivity assay

20
Q

Diagnosis of Proteus

A

Swarming colonies on blood agar
Non-lactose fermenting on MacConk or EMB (produces H2S)
Urease positive