Non-Enteric Gram Negative Bacteria (part 1) Flashcards
Pateurellaceae family
Typically oxidase positive
Includes Genus Haemophilus, Histophilus and Actinobacillus
Genus Haemophilus
Commensals of mucus membrane of animals and humans
Susceptible to desiccation and can’t survive long periods in the environment
Opportunist in stressed and compromised hosts
What does the species in Haemophilus require for growth?
X factors (Hemin) and/ or V in blood for growth
para requires only V-factor
X and V agars
X factor: readily available and heat stable
V factor: Warmed blood agar to chocolate agar
Haemophilus parasuis
Agent of Glassers Disease*, polyserositis, polysynovitis and meningitis
Primary agent in nursery mortality
15 sertoypes (2,4,5,12-13) 75% of clinically sick animals in North America
Where is H. parasuis found?
Ubiquitous in nasal cavity, tonsil and trachea of healthy pigs
Clinical signs of H. parasuis
High fever (107), swollen joints, respiratory distress and CNS signs
H. parasuis diagnosis
Based on clin signs, gross lesions and serological testing
Dies quickly in carcass
PCR
Treatment of H. parasuis
Penicillin
Vx (diff for diff serotypes)
Autogenous vx
Genus Histophilus
Capnophilic (thrive with high CO2) and growth is not X or V factor dependent
Don’t grow in Simmon’s citrate agar or produce urease
Histophilus somni
Respiratory disease in ruminants
Causative agent of Thromboemobolic Meningoencephalitis (TEME)
Colonizes mucosal surfaces of ruminants
H. somni CNS infection of cattle
Follows an episode of pneumonia by 1-2 weeks
Results in blindness, ataxia convulsions and coma
Condition called “sleeper syndrome”
Multiple brown foci of necrosis
H. somni characteristics
Lacks capsule clearly defined exotoxin and fimbrae
Survives intracellularly and multiples in bone neutrophil and macrophages
H. somi diagnosis
Bacterial cultivation ID and PCR
H. somni control and prevention
Pre-infection immunization
Early and accurate ID of carrier animals
Ceftifur, spectinomycin, anroflocxacin if diagnosed early
Genus Actinobacillus
Gram-neg, pleomorphic (many formed), mostly bacillary and occasional coccal elements
Facultative anaerobes require CO2 for growth
A. Lignieresii
Agent of “Wooden Tongue” in ruminants
Commensal of ruminant oropharynx
Trauma helps gain access
Lesions contain oderless puss
Where is A. lignieresii found?
Soft tissues of the head and neck in sheep, cattle
A. lignieresii diagnosis
Firm tissue growth via palpation
sulphur granules in exudate
Gram neg bacteria in CAPO4
Splendore Hoepplie reaction (inflamm debris)
A. lignieresii treatment
Surgical drainage of tetracyclines
Poor response to antimicrobial therapy –> sodium iodide or penicillin
A. equii susp. equuli
Septicema of neonatal foals “Sleepy foal disease” in horses
1/3 equine neonatal mortality
Purulent arthritis and nephritis are chronic form of infection
A. pleuropneumoniae
Fibrinous pleuropneumonia in pigs
<6 months mosly infected
A. suis
Septicemia in pigs
