Non-Enteric Gram Negative Bacteria (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory system disease causing agents

A

Genis Avibacterium, Bibersteinia, Mannheimia and Paterurella

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2
Q

Commone characteristics of the respiratory disease causing agents

A

Gram-neg, coccobacilli
Oxidase positive
Bipolarity
Most mucosal commensal of oropharynx and GI tract of healthy animals (OPPORTUNISTIC)
Survives poorly outside the host

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3
Q

Respiratory agents are _______ and require _______ or serum to grow

A
  1. fastidious
  2. Blood
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4
Q

Adhesins

A

Expressed while the organism inhabits the epithelial surfaces
Repress when its inside the host cell to avoid adherence to phagocytic cells

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5
Q

Capsule

A

Interferes phagocytosis
Protects the outer membrane from deposition of membrane attack complex of the complement

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6
Q

Endotoxin

A

Lipolysaccharide is pyrogenic

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7
Q

Toxins found in respiratory disease causing agents

A

RTX toxin: leukotoxin specifically affects bovine leukocytes
RHO-activating toxin

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8
Q

What is RHO toxin produced by?

A

Pastuerella multocida capsule type D agent of atrophic rhinitis of swine

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9
Q

Iron-Acquisition

A

Avian strains of P. multocida produce siderophores
Pasterurella and Mannheimia bind to transferrin-binding proteins of host in iron-poor conditions

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10
Q

Transmission of respiratory disease causing agents

A

Inhalation, ingestion or bites/scratches
Carried on mucus membrane of susceptible hosts species

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11
Q

Respiratory tract disease

A

Atrophic rhinitis in swine. infectious coryza in chicken, pneumonia in ruminants due to P. multocida, A. paragallinarum, M. haemolytica or Bibersteinia trehalosi

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12
Q

Bacteremia and Septicemic

A

P. multocida in rumanants and avian
Bibersteinia trehalosi with P. multocida causes septicemia in sheep

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13
Q

Trauma-related

A

Feline and canine bites wounds and infection causes “mouth” paterurella

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14
Q

Genus Avibacterium

A

Swelling of the infraorbital regions, occulo-nasal discharge, swollen wattles, diarrhea, appetence
Birds develop 3 signs after exposure

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15
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum: the agent of ________

A

Infectious Coryza

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16
Q

Diagnosis of Avibacterium

A

Clinical sign: facial swelling
Isolating bacterium and serologic testing

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17
Q

Prevention of Avibacterium

A

Free replacement birds:ALL IN/ ALL OUT flow of birds

18
Q

Genus Mannheimia

A

Pneumonia, septicemia and mastitis in sheep and cattle
Agent of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis/shipping fever

19
Q

What is the most important pathogen of domestic cattle?

A

M. Haemolytica (agent of Shipping Fever)

20
Q

Shipping Fever

A

~30% of total cattle death globally with annual US loss of $640 mill
High mortality die to bronchial obstruction

21
Q

Signs of Shipping fever

A

Show depression, anorexia, fever, nasal discharge, soft moist cough, 6-10 days after stress episode
Lung consolidation, dyspnea and open mouth breathing

22
Q

M. Haemolytica

A

Innocuous inhabitant of the nasal cavity and tonsillar crypts
From overcrowding, exhaustion, starvation, dehydration or cold temp

23
Q

M. Haemolytica source of infection

A

Organism shedding from the nasal cavity
Inhalation of bacteria containing droplets
Direct nose to nose contact
Ingestion of feed contaminated with nasal discharge

24
Q

Virulence factors of M. Haemolytica

A

Leukotoxin: induces lysis of ruminant leukocytes and platelets
Lipopolysacccharide (LPS): induce hemorrahe, edema and hypoxemia

25
Diagnosis of M. Haemolytica
Isolation of bacteria, smooth colonies, grayish and produce B-hemolysis
26
Prevention/ control of H. Haemolytica
Avoid stress, preconditioning calves before shipping (vx) Isolation of clinically ill animals Leukotoxoid vaccine
27
Genus paterurella
Pasteurella multocida Broad host preference Contains 5 capsular serogroups (A, B, D, E, F)
28
What disease does P. multocida cause in birds?
Fowl Cholera (Pasteur experiment)
29
Clinical signs of P. Multocida in birds
Torticollis- twisting of head and neck (meningeal infection) Large abscess on right wattle (chronic form)
30
P. Multocida in cattle and bison
Hemorrhagic septicemia, pneumonia Eradicated in the US (major economic loss)
31
P. Multocida in swine
Progressive atrophic rhinitis, pneumonia Facial deformation due to deviation of nasal bones From overcrowding, ammonia and dust
32
P. Multocida in rabbits
Pneumonia Snuffles or nasal catarrh (mucous buildup) Wry neck (severe tilting), circling to one side
33
P. Multocida in dogs and cats
Oral flora abscesses, bite wound infections
34
P. Multocida in humans
Bite wound infection and zoonotic
35
Type A disease of P. Multocida
Fowl cholera, rabbit snuffles, bovine/ovine pneumonia Sever fibrinous broncho pleuropneumonia is opportunistic pathogen of low relative virulence
36
Type B or E of P. Multocida
Hemorrhagic septicemia Last 1965 --> stress, changes in weather, poor nutrition and overcrowding
37
Type D disease of P. Multocida
Atrophic rhinitis (pig), fowl cholera (poultry)
38
Type F disease of P. Multocida
Fowl cholera (poultry) Fibrino-purulent pleuropneumonia or diffuse hemorrhagic septicemia (rabbits)
39
Diagnosis of P. Multocida
Isolation of causative organism Blood agar, chocolate agar for v factor dependent
40
Prevention and control of P. Multocida
Vx with killed bacterin Good management ID and kill asymptomatic carrier birds to control fowl cholera