Leptospira Flashcards

1
Q

Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)

A

Bacterial zoonotic disease of global destruction caused by Leptospira
Found by Adolf Weil (1886)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is Leptospirosis located?

A

Tropical and subtropical areas
Occupational 50% in Hawaii and PR
75% males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Leptospira
history

A

First observed in 1907 by Arthur Stimson in kidney tissue of patient that dies to yellow fever
13 pathogenic species and 250 serovars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Leptospira characteristics

A

Gam-neg, poorly stained
Aerobic, flagella, motile with S or C shaped hook
Grows slowly (3-4 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leptospira transmission

A

Reservoirs host = RAT urine
Infected by splashing contaminated water into eyes, contaminated food and water, exposed wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Leptospirenic phase of leptospirosis

A

Septicemia phase lasts 3-10 days
Flu like symptoms
Bacteria in blood moving to organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Immune phase of leptospirosis

A

Bacteria concentrated to your kidneys
Symptoms: Jaundice, renal failure, hemorrhage, aseptic meningitis, cardiac arrhythmias pulmonary insufficiency, hemodynamic collapse liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical signs of leptospirosis in animals

A

Abortion, stillbirth, infertility, decrease milk production, hepatic and renal lesions, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When would hamster start shedding the infection + clinical signs?

A

21-30 days of infection
Signs: loss of activity, ruffled fur, closed eyes, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treating leptospirosis

A

Doxycycline for 2 weeks
Hospital with IV fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Leptospirosis vaccine

A

Bacterin or killed vx
Purified outer envelop vx
Reverse vaccinology
Effects: pain, nausea, weight loss, short term and restricted immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vx for dogs against leptospirosis

A

Nobivac Lepto4 for at least 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Leptospirosis diagnosis

A

Blood smear
Culture (EMJH medium)
Indirect immunofluorescent AB test
Impression smears
Microscopic agglutination test
PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vibrosis

A

Consuming raw seafood or exposing a wound to seawater
Occur May - October (warm water temps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

General characteristics of Vibrio

A

Gram- neg, comma shaped bacilli, non spore forming
Motile with single polar flagella
Non capsulated grow well in alkaline pH
Facultative anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

V. Cholarae

A

Causative agent of cholera
ID with rice watery stool (O1 and O139) and large #s of vibrio in dark field microscopy
Cary Blair media + thiosulfate citrate bile salt agar

17
Q

Other than V. Cholerae, what are other important pathogens?

A

V. Parahaemolyticus (acute gastroenteritis)
V. Vulnificus

18
Q

Symptoms of vibrio

A

Rice watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, fever, chills
Begins within 1-3 days of ingestion

19
Q

Rapid tests done for vibrio

A

Crystal VC dipstick rapid test (early warning)

20
Q

Vibriosis treatment

A

Drink liquids to replace fluids lost
Severe cases: ciproflaxacin

21
Q

Arcobacter characteristics

A

Gram-neg, S shaped, no spore forming
Motile by non polar flagella
Microaerophilic

22
Q

What is Arcobacter intolerant to?

A

Freezing and drying —> showing a wide range of habitats

23
Q

Arcobacter

A

Emerging food-borne pathogen
A. Cibarius, thereius, trophiarum, in farm animals
A. Butzleri, cryserophilus, akirrowii in humans

24
Q

Arcobacter transmission

A

Contaminated drinking water (human Arcobacter infection)
Close contact with pets and person to person

25
Arcobacter highest prevalence
On food of animal origin, poultry first then pork and beef Abortion, diarrhea, mastitis in pigs and cattle
26
Arcobacter treatment
Erthryomycin, fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin
27
Treponema characteristics
Gram- neg, lack LPS, endoflagella (corkscrew movement) Silver impregenation and Ryus stain Non pathogenic - oral flora
28
Treponema paraluiscuniculi
Causes venereal disease (rabbit syphilis or general spirochetosis)
29
Treponema brennaborense
Papillomatous digitial dermatitis Ulcerative mammary dermatitis in cattle and sheep
30
T. Pallidum
Causative agent of syphilis (STI) in humans
31
What does Treponema cause in elks?
Treponeme- Associated Hoof Disease (SW Washington State)
32
Treatment for syphilis
Benzathine penicillin G cures early stages (primary, secondary or early latent)
33
T. Paraluiscuniculi treatment
Lesions heal in 7-28 days when rabbits treated with penicillin