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PSIO 259 > Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral Nervous System consists of:

A

ANS = SNS and PSNS

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2
Q

ANS innvervate most ____ _____.

A

effector organs

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3
Q

What is the primary function of the ANS?

A

regulate organs to maintain homeostasis

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4
Q

SNS and PSNS are generally ______.

A

antagonistic

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5
Q

Describe SNS.

A

fight-or-flight response

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6
Q

Describe PSNS.

A

rest and digest

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7
Q

Brain and spinal cord output to _____ muscles.

A

efferent

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8
Q

Efferent muscles split into what 2 types?

A
  • somatic

- autonomic

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9
Q

Somatic input goes to ______ muscles.

A

skeletal

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10
Q

Autonomic nervous system consists of what 2 types?

A
  • SNS

- PSNS

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11
Q

SNS and PSNS innervate:

A
  • cardiac muscle
  • smooth muscle
  • glands
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12
Q

Name the 4 effector organs.

A
  • cardiac muscle
  • smooth muscle
  • glands
  • adipose tissue
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13
Q

Efferent fibres include:

A

the autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

Afferent nerves transmit information from _____ _____ to ____.

A
  • visceral receptors

- CNS

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15
Q

Afferent fibres are important in:

A

maintaining homeostasis

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16
Q

All ANS preganglionic neurons release _____.

A

acetylcholine

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17
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons release _____.

A

norepinephrine

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18
Q

Name the 3 hormones of the adrenal medulla?

A
  • 80% epinephrine
  • 20% norepinephrine
  • small amount of dopamine
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19
Q

Describe sympathetic activity.

A
  • fight-or-flight response
  • prepares for emergency, stress, and exercise
  • increases heart rate and blood pressure
  • mobilizes energy stores
  • dilates pupils
  • decreases gastrointestinal and urinary functions
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20
Q

What happens during tonic resting activity?

A
  • both branches active

- PSNS dominates

21
Q

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons secrete ______.

A

acetylcholine

22
Q

Describe parasympathetic activity.

A
  • quiet, relaxed states
  • active in “rest and digest”
  • increases gastrointestinal activities
  • decreases heart rate and blood pressure
23
Q

Describe autonomic response to adjustments in homeostasis.

A
  • ANS must respond quickly

- visceral reflexes

24
Q

What are visceral reflexes?

A
  • automatic changes in the function of organs in response to changes in conditions within the body
  • ie. pupillary light reflex, vomiting reflex
25
Q

What parts of the brain are a part of ANS regulation?

A
  • hypothalamus
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • respiratory centres
  • cardiovascular centres
26
Q

What does the hypothalamus do to contribute to ANS regulation?

A
  • initiates sympathetic response

- regulates ANS activities for temp

27
Q

Food and water intake is regulated by:

A
  • medulla oblongata (CV and respiratory control centres)

- pons (CV and respiratory control centres)

28
Q

Input for ANS regulation comes from:

A
  • other ANS control centres
  • limbic system
  • cortex
  • receive afferent information from viscera as well (necessary for reflex control ie. BP)
29
Q

Describe the somatic nervous system.

A
  • voluntary
  • part of peripheral nervous system
  • skeletal muscle control
30
Q

How does the SNS connect to muscle fibres?

A

neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

31
Q

Motor neurons travels from ____ to ____ ______ _____.

A
  • CNS

- skeletal muscle cells

32
Q

NMJ is at the _____ region of a muscle fibre.

A

central

33
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for SNS?

A

AcH

34
Q

Motor neurons originate at the _____ _____.

A

ventral horn

35
Q

Motor neurons innervate ____ _____.

A

skeletal muscle

36
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for motor neurons?

A

acetylcholine

37
Q

All communication to skeletal muscle is _____.

A

excitatory

38
Q

What is end plate potential (EPP)?

A

similar to EPSP in the nervous system, but sufficient to depolarize to threshold

39
Q

Motor unit is made up of:

A

motor neuron + all of the muscle fibres it innervates

40
Q

Somatic motor neurons innervate ____ muscle.

A

skeletal

41
Q

One motor neuron innervates _____ muscle fibres.

A

many

42
Q

Each muscle fibre is innervated by ______ motor neuron.

A

only one

43
Q

Describe motor unit recruitment changes with PNS adaptations to exercise.

A
  • stronger, faster, more synchronized
  • greater AcH release
  • possibly faster AcHase transport
  • greater AP firing rate
  • more extensive branching of the motor neuron
44
Q

Describe NMJ changes with PNS adaptations to exercise.

A
  • increased terminal branching
  • AcH receptor increase and area with receptors
  • increased NT release
  • increased concentration of AcHase (quicker relaxation, faster transport?)
45
Q

What is BDNF?

A

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

46
Q

BDNF is unregulated with _____ through the _______ and ____ _____.

A
  • exercise
  • hippocampus
  • spinal cord
47
Q

BDNF facilitates ____ _____ tasks.

A

learning motor tasks

48
Q

BDNF has ____-dependent response.

A

dose

49
Q

Hippocampus is associated with:

A
  • the limbic system
  • long-term memory
  • spatial navigation

PSIO 259 (22 decks)

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