Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSIO 259 > Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 complications with acid-base disturbance.

A
  • protein structure
  • neuron excitability
  • potassium balance (electrochemical gradient)
  • cardiac arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal pH of arterial blood =

A

7.38-7.42

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aciodosis:

A

blood pH < 7.35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alkalosis:

A

blood pH > 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name 4 sources of acid-base disturbances.

A
  • respiratory acidosis
  • metabolic acidosis
  • respiratory alkalosis
  • metabolic alkalosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

increased plasma CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the source of CO2 for respiratory alkalosis?

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is used for compensation for respiratory alkalosis?

A

ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

decreased pH (not CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can you get metabolic acidosis?

A
  • high protein diet
  • high fat diet
  • heavy exercise
  • severe diarrhea (loss of bicarbonate)
  • renal dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

decreased plasma CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis?

A

increased pH (not CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can you get metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • excessive vomiting (H+)
  • consumption
  • renal dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is bicarbonate loading?

A

a technique that some try to use to offset changes to acidity caused by exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the benefits of bicarbonate loading.

A

generally, most people cannot tolerate the bicarbonate load and benefits are minimal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 lines of defence mechanisms against acid base disturbances?

A
  • buffering of hydrogen ions
  • respiratory compensation
  • renal compensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the quickest defence against changes in pH? How long does it take?

A
  • buffering

- seconds: limited only by time it takes to bind acid or release H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most important ECF buffer?

A

bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

HCO3– + H+ =

A

H2CO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are ICF buffers?

A
  • Proteins: Protein– + H+ = HProtein

- Phosphates: HPO42– + H+ = H2PO4–

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the second line of defence? How long does it take?

A
  • respiratory compensation

- response is within minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does respiratory compensation regulate pH?

A

by varying ventilation

23
Q

In respiratory compensation, increased ventilation leads to …

A

decreased CO2

24
Q

In respiratory compensation, decreased ventilation leads to …

A

increased CO2

25
Q

Describe the mechanism by which decreases in plasma pH increases ventilation.

A
  • dec. plasma pH (inc. acidity)
  • detect and respond
  • inc. ventilation
  • dec. plasma P CO2
  • inc. plasma pH
  • neg. feedback
26
Q

What is the third defence? How long does it take?

A
  • renal compensation

- hours –> days

27
Q

Renal compensation regulates:

A
  • Excretion of H+ and HCO3-

- Synthesis of new HCO3-

28
Q

What are the 3 effects of increased acidity?

A
  • inc. secretion of H+
  • inc. reabsorption of HCO3-
  • inc. synthesis of new HCO3-
29
Q

Describe renal handling of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in the PCT.

A

bicarbonate reabsorption coupled to hydrogen

30
Q

Describe renal handling of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in the DCT and collecting duct.

A

secretion of hydrogen ions coupled to synthesis of new bicarbonate ions

31
Q

Regulation of acids/bases by _____ usually sufficient.

A

kidneys

32
Q

Severe acidosis:

A
  • Glutamine metabolism produces new HCO3-

- Secretes H+ in the form of ammonium

33
Q

What is the cause of respiratory acidosis?

A

hypoventilation

34
Q

Respiratory acidosis = ______ CO2 = _______ H+

A
  • increased

- increased

35
Q

What is the compensation for respiratory acidosis?

A
  • renal
  • increased H+ secretion
  • increased HCO3- reabsorption
36
Q

What is the cause of respiratory alkalosis?

A

hyperventilation

37
Q

Respiratory alkalosis = _____ CO2 = _____ H+

A
  • decreased

- decreased

38
Q

What is the compensation for respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • renal
  • decreased H+ secretion
  • decreased HCO3- reabsorption
39
Q

What is the compensation for metabolic acidosis?

A

respiratory and renal (unless renal problem)

40
Q

What is respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis?

A

increased ventilation –> decreased CO2

41
Q

Acidosis ratio:

A

[HCO3–]/[CO2] < 20:1

42
Q

Alkalosis ratio:

A

[HCO3–]/[CO2] > 20:1

43
Q

______ regulate HCO3-.

A

kidneys

44
Q

______ regulate CO2.

A

lungs

45
Q

What is renal compensation for metabolic acidosis?

A
  • inc. H+ secretion
  • inc. HCO3- reabsorption
  • inc. synthesis of new HCO3=
46
Q

What is the compensation for metabolic alkalosis?

A

respiratory and renal (unless renal problem)

47
Q

What is respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis?

A

dec. ventilation –> inc. CO2

48
Q

What is renal compensation for metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • dec. H+ secretion
  • dec. HCO3- reabsorption
  • dec. synthesis of new bicarbonate
49
Q

What is RCP?

A
  • respiratory compensation point

- boundary between heavy and severe intensity exercise

50
Q

What is AT/GET?

A

the anaerobic threshold where lactate production exceeds removal and CO2 increases (ventilatory threshold) to buffer lactate: increases ventilation

51
Q

What is GET?

A

the boundary between moderate and heavy intensity exercise

52
Q

What is RCP (RC)?

A
  • seen when acidaemia takes over from CO2 as the stimulus for ventilation
  • typically occurs between 70-84% of VO2 peak
  • VE increases at a greater rate than VCO2
53
Q

The RCP graph:

A
  • may be due to increased K+ in plasma and activation of peripheral chemoreceptors
  • indicates a near maximal effort by the individual exercising
  • critical power may occur within the same time frame (dependent on type of test)
  • may be the boundary between heavy intensity and severe intensity exercise

PSIO 259 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions