Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSIO 259 > Cardiac Function 1 > Flashcards

Cardiac Function 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ECG?

A
  • electrocardiogram
  • A look at the electrical activity of the heart on the surface of the skin
  • Using electrical leads and electrodes – detects synchronicity of electrical signal provides a picture of what is happening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are ECGs useful?

A

Used clinically to detect abnormalities – collect HR data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do ECGs work?

A
  • Body = conductor
  • Currents spread to the surface of the body
  • Heart electrical activity = synchronized
  • Activity can be detected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 2 common ECG arrhythmias.

A
  • Tachycardia

- Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

> 100 bpm resting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

<50 bpm resting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is first degree heart block?

A
  • conduction slowed (AV node)
  • PQ segment increased
  • delayed contraction of ventricles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is second degree heart block?

A
  • slowed/stopped conduction (AV node)

- the cycle between A-V’s is lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is third degree heart block?

A
  • no conduction (AV node)

- P wave - QRS independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the risk of atrial fibrillation?

A

increased clot risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the risk of ventricular fibrillation?

A
  • serious

- loss of electrical coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for ventricular fibrillation?

A
  • AED
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is PAC?

A
  • premature atrial contraction

- irregular heart beat; exact cause is unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name some potential causes of PAC.

A
  • caffeine
  • alcohol
  • stress
  • fatigue sleep disturbances
  • medication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is PVC?

A
  • premature ventricular contraction

- “pause in heart rate”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name some potential causes of PVC.

A
  • chemical imbalances
  • caffeine
  • anxiety/stress
  • medication
  • drugs/alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Heart sounds occur when…

A
  • valves close

- changes in flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the first heart sound?

A
  • soft “lubb”

- AV valves close simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the second heart sound?

A
  • louder “dupp”

- semilunar valves close simultaneously

20
Q

In phase 1, what valves are open?

A
  • atrioventricular valves are open

- aortic and pulmonary valves are closed

21
Q

The first heart sound occurs when?

A

phase 2

22
Q

In phase 3, what valves are open?

A
  • atrioventricular valves are closed

- aortic and pulmonary valves are open

23
Q

The second heart sound occurs when?

A

phase 4

24
Q

What happens during diastole?

A
  • relaxation
  • aortic valve closes
  • blood is still leaving aorta, so pressure falls
  • lowest point = diastolic pressure
25
Q

What happens during systole?

A
  • aortic valve opens
  • pressure rises rapidly with ejection
  • highest point = systolic pressure
  • aortic valve closes: dicrotic notch
26
Q

What happens during phase 1?

A
  • atrial pressure rises slowly with filling of blood
  • ventricular pressure is low
  • atrial contraction at end = small increase in ventricular pressure
27
Q

What happens during phase 2?

A
  • start of systole
  • rapid rise in ventricular pressure
  • atrial pressure fails
28
Q

What happens during phase 3?

A
  • ventricular pressure falls
  • no change in volume
  • atrial pressure falls further until late systole
29
Q

Describe left ventricular pressure/volume in phase 1.

A
  • Ventricular volume increases from 60 mL to 130 mL

- Small pressure increment with filling

30
Q

Describe left ventricular pressure/volume in phase 2.

A

Volume remains constant; pressure increases dramatically

31
Q

Describe left ventricular pressure/volume in phase 3.

A
  • Volume decreases to 60 mL

- Pressure rises, then falls precipitously

32
Q

Describe left ventricular pressure/volume in phase 4.

A

Pressure continues to fall

33
Q

What influence do elastic arteries have on blood flow at aorta (an elastic artery)?

A
  • pressure reservoir
  • stores energy during systole as walls expand
  • releases energy during diastole as walls recoil inward
34
Q

How does the structure of arteries impact blood flow?

A
  • stored pressure

- continuous blood flow during cardiac cycle

35
Q

Why is the relationship between stored pressure and blood flow important?

A

aortic pressure maintains blood flow through the entire cardiac cycle

36
Q

What is EDV?

A
  • end diastolic volume
  • preload
  • volume of blood in ventricle at the end of diastole
37
Q

What is ESV?

A
  • end systolic volume

- volume of blood in ventricle at the end of systole

38
Q

What is SV?

A
  • stroke volume

- volume of blood ejected from ventricle each cycle

39
Q

SV =

A

SV = EDV - ESV

40
Q

SV for exercise =

A

100 - 200 mL

41
Q

What is EF?

A
  • ejection fraction

- fraction of end diastolic volume ejected during a heartbeat

42
Q

EF =

A

stroke volume/end diastolic volume

43
Q

EF can be used as…

A

a predictor of disease (CAD), specifically exercise EF

44
Q

EF with exercise can be …

A

> 90% in highly conditioned

45
Q

EF with disease can be …

A

< 20% at rest

46
Q

Normal EF at rest =

A

~60% +

PSIO 259 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions