Male reproductive system

Question 1

name the female gametes

Answer 1

ova

Question 2

name the male gametes

Answer 2

spermatozoa

Question 3

how many chromosomes and autosomes does haploid cells have

Answer 3

23 chromsomes, 22 autosomes, 1 sex

Question 4

fertilization=

Answer 4

zygote (diploid)

Question 5

how many chromosomes and autosomes do diploid cells have

Answer 5

46 chromosomes, 44 autosomes, 2 sex

Question 6

how may pairs to autosomes come in

Answer 6

22 and each member of a pair carries the same complement of genes

Question 7

what two forms do sex chromosomes come in

Answer 7

X and Y, not all genes are paired

Question 8

22 autosomes + sex chromosomes (X or Y)=….

Answer 8

23 chromosomes

Question 9

X chromosomes are found in?

Answer 9

both males and females (has essential genes for survival)

Question 10

Y chromosome is found in

Answer 10

only males (has genes essential for developing into male)

Question 11

XX=

Answer 11

female

Question 12

XY=

Answer 12

male

Question 13

describe mitosis

Answer 13

• normal cell division
• DNA replicated once
• cells undergo division once

Question 14

describe meiosis

Answer 14

• cell division to produce gametes
• DNA replicated once
• cells undergo division twice
• produces 4 daughter cells

Question 15

define gonads

Answer 15

an organ that produces gametes

Question 16

define gamete

Answer 16

a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Question 17

what are the male gonads

Answer 17

testes

Question 18

what are the female gonads

Answer 18

ovaries

Question 19

what are the two major functions of gonads

Answer 19

• they produce gametes

- secrete sex hormones

Question 20

what are the male sex hormones

Answer 20

testes: androgens

Question 21

what are the female sex hormones

Answer 21

ovaries : progesterone and estrogen

Question 22

both sexes produce

Answer 22

• androgens

- progesterone and estrogen

Question 23

adrenal cortex also produces …

Answer 23

androgens

Question 24

what do the accessory reproductive organs do

Answer 24

• transport of gametes

- secretes fluid into reproductive tract

Question 25

what determines whether fetus develops ovaries or testes?

Answer 25

chromosomes

Question 26

what is the srY gene

Answer 26

sex determining region of the Y chromosome

Question 27

if the srY gene is present ..

Answer 27

then the fetus develops testes

Question 28

if the srY gene is absent..

Answer 28

then the fetus develops ovaries

Question 29

Wolffian ducts

Answer 29

precursor to male tract

Question 30

Mullerian ducts

Answer 30

precursor to female tract

Question 31

if testes are present, testes secret which hormones:

Answer 31

- testosterone (stimulates development of wollfian ducts,male) - Mullerian-inhibiting substance (degenerates Mullerian ducts, female)

Question 32

what happens to the wolffian and mullerian ducts when there are no testes

Answer 32

- hormones absent -> - wollfian ducts regress - mullerian ducts develop

Question 33

how many compartments do the testes have

Answer 33

250-300 compartments

Question 34

what is in the compartments of the testes and what occurs there

Answer 34

-seminferous tubule an sperm production

Question 35

what are leydig cells

Answer 35

clusters outside of seminiferous tubules

Question 36

what are the sertoli cells responsible for

Answer 36

fluid environment for spermatozoa-inner layer of tubules, secrete luminal fluid too along with many other roles that encourage sperm development

Question 37

what is peristalsis

Answer 37

propels sperm

Question 38

blood testis barrier:

Answer 38

- tight junctions - lumenal compartment - basal compartment

Question 39

basal compartment contains..

Answer 39

undifferentiated germ cells- in communicationn with the blood

Question 40

lumens compartment is where..

Answer 40

more mature sperm eneter lumen before being transported to epididymus- no communication with the blood, separate environment such that luminal compartment contains the right components to continue sperm development

Question 41

what is the function of the separate compartment

Answer 41

protect sperm cells from attack by immune system

Question 42

functions of sertoli cells

Answer 42

- support sperm development - secrete lumenal fluid - secrete androgen binding protein - target cells of testosterone and FSH - secrete inhibin - secrete MIS-embryonic development

Question 43

function of androgen binding protein

Answer 43

helps maintain steady level of androgens in lumen

Question 44

function of testosterone and FSH

Answer 44

stimulate spermatogenesis

Question 45

function of inhibin

Answer 45

hormone of negative feedback for FSH

Question 46

function of MIS

Answer 46

embryonic development -male development (Mullein inhibiting substance)

Question 47

explain volume and pressure of the penis during sexual arousal and during rest

Answer 47

rest- (low volume/pressure) | during arousal-(high blood volume/pressure->ejaculation)

Question 48

where is the scrotum located and what is its function

Answer 48

- suspended beneath the penis, houses testes | - sperm development

Question 49

sperm cannot be developed at..

Answer 49

body temperature

Question 50

Accessory glands

Answer 50

- seminial vesicles - prostate glands - bulbourethral glands

Question 51

what do seminial vesicles secrete

Answer 51

alkaline fluid with fructose, proteins and prostaglandins

Question 52

What does prostaglandins do

Answer 52

protects the sperm from the female immune system

Question 53

prostate gland secretes?

Answer 53

citrate and enzymes

Question 54

what is PSA?

Answer 54

unclogs semen in female reproductive tract to free sperm

Question 55

bulbourethral glands secrete?

Answer 55

viscous fluid with mucus (acts as lubrication)

Question 56

sexual responses in males are controlled by

Answer 56

- ANS - spinal reflexes - phases - stimuli

Question 57

what re the phases of response in males

Answer 57

- erection - ejaculation - emission

Question 58

erection:

Answer 58

parasympathetic nervous system-here, PSNS regulates arteriolar resistance (vs normally the SNS) and release of nitric oxide; SNS activity decreases as PSNS activity increases

Question 59

ejaculation

Answer 59

sympathetic nervous system (shift occurs from PSNS)

Question 60

emission:

Answer 60

sympathetic nervous system

Question 61

what is emission

Answer 61

- Response to mechanical stimulation continues from erection to emission - Neural activity shifts from parasympathetic to sympathetic control - Contractions of epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct - Secretions from seminal vesicles and prostate - Result: movement of semen (sperm and fluid) into urethra

Question 62

what is ejaculation

Answer 62

- Mediated by sympathetic activity - Stimulates contractions of smooth muscle in urethra and skeletal muscle at base of penis - Stimulates closure of urethral sphincter - Result: movement of semen through urethra and out of body