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PSIO 259 > Male reproductive system > Flashcards

Male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

name the female gametes

A

ova

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2
Q

name the male gametes

A

spermatozoa

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3
Q

how many chromosomes and autosomes does haploid cells have

A

23 chromsomes, 22 autosomes, 1 sex

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4
Q

fertilization=

A

zygote (diploid)

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5
Q

how many chromosomes and autosomes do diploid cells have

A

46 chromosomes, 44 autosomes, 2 sex

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6
Q

how may pairs to autosomes come in

A

22 and each member of a pair carries the same complement of genes

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7
Q

what two forms do sex chromosomes come in

A

X and Y, not all genes are paired

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8
Q

22 autosomes + sex chromosomes (X or Y)=….

A

23 chromosomes

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9
Q

X chromosomes are found in?

A

both males and females (has essential genes for survival)

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10
Q

Y chromosome is found in

A

only males (has genes essential for developing into male)

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11
Q

XX=

A

female

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12
Q

XY=

A

male

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13
Q

describe mitosis

A
  • normal cell division
  • DNA replicated once
  • cells undergo division once
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14
Q

describe meiosis

A
  • cell division to produce gametes
  • DNA replicated once
  • cells undergo division twice
  • produces 4 daughter cells
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15
Q

define gonads

A

an organ that produces gametes

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16
Q

define gamete

A

a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

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17
Q

what are the male gonads

A

testes

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18
Q

what are the female gonads

A

ovaries

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19
Q

what are the two major functions of gonads

A
  • they produce gametes

- secrete sex hormones

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20
Q

what are the male sex hormones

A

testes: androgens

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21
Q

what are the female sex hormones

A

ovaries : progesterone and estrogen

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22
Q

both sexes produce

A
  • androgens

- progesterone and estrogen

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23
Q

adrenal cortex also produces …

A

androgens

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24
Q

what do the accessory reproductive organs do

A
  • transport of gametes

- secretes fluid into reproductive tract

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25
Q

what determines whether fetus develops ovaries or testes?

A

chromosomes

26
Q

what is the srY gene

A

sex determining region of the Y chromosome

27
Q

if the srY gene is present ..

A

then the fetus develops testes

28
Q

if the srY gene is absent..

A

then the fetus develops ovaries

29
Q

Wolffian ducts

A

precursor to male tract

30
Q

Mullerian ducts

A

precursor to female tract

31
Q

if testes are present, testes secret which hormones:

A
  • testosterone (stimulates development of wollfian ducts,male)
  • Mullerian-inhibiting substance (degenerates Mullerian ducts, female)
32
Q

what happens to the wolffian and mullerian ducts when there are no testes

A
  • hormones absent ->
  • wollfian ducts regress
  • mullerian ducts develop
33
Q

how many compartments do the testes have

A

250-300 compartments

34
Q

what is in the compartments of the testes and what occurs there

A

-seminferous tubule an sperm production

35
Q

what are leydig cells

A

clusters outside of seminiferous tubules

36
Q

what are the sertoli cells responsible for

A

fluid environment for spermatozoa-inner layer of tubules, secrete luminal fluid too along with many other roles that encourage sperm development

37
Q

what is peristalsis

A

propels sperm

38
Q

blood testis barrier:

A
  • tight junctions
  • lumenal compartment
  • basal compartment
39
Q

basal compartment contains..

A

undifferentiated germ cells- in communicationn with the blood

40
Q

lumens compartment is where..

A

more mature sperm eneter lumen before being transported to epididymus- no communication with the blood, separate environment such that luminal compartment contains the right components to continue sperm development

41
Q

what is the function of the separate compartment

A

protect sperm cells from attack by immune system

42
Q

functions of sertoli cells

A
  • support sperm development
  • secrete lumenal fluid
  • secrete androgen binding protein
  • target cells of testosterone and FSH
  • secrete inhibin
  • secrete MIS-embryonic development
43
Q

function of androgen binding protein

A

helps maintain steady level of androgens in lumen

44
Q

function of testosterone and FSH

A

stimulate spermatogenesis

45
Q

function of inhibin

A

hormone of negative feedback for FSH

46
Q

function of MIS

A

embryonic development -male development (Mullein inhibiting substance)

47
Q

explain volume and pressure of the penis during sexual arousal and during rest

A

rest- (low volume/pressure)

during arousal-(high blood volume/pressure->ejaculation)

48
Q

where is the scrotum located and what is its function

A
  • suspended beneath the penis, houses testes

- sperm development

49
Q

sperm cannot be developed at..

A

body temperature

50
Q

Accessory glands

A
  • seminial vesicles
  • prostate glands
  • bulbourethral glands
51
Q

what do seminial vesicles secrete

A

alkaline fluid with fructose, proteins and prostaglandins

52
Q

What does prostaglandins do

A

protects the sperm from the female immune system

53
Q

prostate gland secretes?

A

citrate and enzymes

54
Q

what is PSA?

A

unclogs semen in female reproductive tract to free sperm

55
Q

bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

viscous fluid with mucus (acts as lubrication)

56
Q

sexual responses in males are controlled by

A
  • ANS
  • spinal reflexes
  • phases
  • stimuli
57
Q

what re the phases of response in males

A
  • erection
  • ejaculation
  • emission
58
Q

erection:

A

parasympathetic nervous system-here, PSNS regulates arteriolar resistance (vs normally the SNS) and release of nitric oxide; SNS activity decreases as PSNS activity increases

59
Q

ejaculation

A

sympathetic nervous system (shift occurs from PSNS)

60
Q

emission:

A

sympathetic nervous system

61
Q

what is emission

A
  • Response to mechanical stimulation continues from erection to emission
  • Neural activity shifts from parasympathetic to sympathetic control
  • Contractions of epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct
  • Secretions from seminal vesicles and prostate
  • Result: movement of semen (sperm and fluid) into urethra
62
Q

what is ejaculation

A
  • Mediated by sympathetic activity
  • Stimulates contractions of smooth muscle in urethra and skeletal muscle at base of penis
  • Stimulates closure of urethral sphincter
  • Result: movement of semen through urethra and out of body

PSIO 259 (22 decks)

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