Lab Exam: HR and BP Flashcards
What is a ECG?
- electrocardiogram
- graphical recording of the electrical activity of the heart
- non invasive measurement of electrical activity of the heart
What do we use a ECG for?
- trained personnel can use it as a diagnostic tool
- routine medical
- diagnose the cause of symptoms
- detect early heart disease
- assess damage after a heart attack
- monitor treatment
- assess physical fitness
What are the components of a ECG?
- P wave: atrial depolarization
- QRS complex: ventricular depolarization
- T wave: ventricular repolarization
What is tachycardia?
- abnormally fast HR
- >100 bpm
What is bradycardia?
- abnormally slow HR
- <50-60 bpm
What is fibrillation?
- uncoordinated contractions of the heart muscle
- fast or slow
Describe the parts of the conduction system.
- SA node (initial depolarization)
- L and R atrial contraction
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- L and R bundle branches
- Purkinje fibres
- impulse moves through L and R Ventricles
Why is the AP slowed when going through the AV node?
to allow for atrial contraction before ventricular excitement/stimulation
What are Korotkoff sounds?
- turbulent flow in compressed artery making audible vibration
- used to determine systolic and diastolic BP
What is blood pressures?
- the force exerted by blood against arteries
- pressure of blood in the circulatory system
What is hypotension?
BP of less than 90/60
What is hypertension?
BP over 130/80
How do we determine BP?
- sphygmomanometer
- recorded as a ratio: systolic/diastolic
- recorded as mm/Hg
What is systolic BP?
pressure inside arteries when the heart is pumping
What is diastolic BP?
pressure inside arteries when the heart is resting between beats
SNS input goes to:
- lungs
- eyes
- digestive tact
- heart
- kidneys etc.
Describe SNS response to stimulus.
- increases HR
- raises renin secretions from kidneys
- causes a release of glucose from the liver
The increase in BP activates ______ and thus the ______.
- baroreceptors
- PSNS
PSNS nerve fibres are delegated to the _____, _______ and ______.
- smooth muscle
- glandular tissues
- pacemaker cells
Describe PSNS response to stimulus.
- stimulates tear production, salivation
- stimulates digestion, defecation and urination
