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PSIO 259 > Cell Transport > Flashcards

Cell Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What is passive transport?

A
  • movement down the force
  • no energy required
  • downhill
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2
Q

What is active transport?

A

movement against the force

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3
Q

Name 2 characteristics of chemical driving forces.

A
  • The gradient “pushes” particles from higher to lower concentration areas
  • Force acts from higher to lower concentration areas
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4
Q

What is Concentration gradient (ΔC)?

A

Difference in particle concentration between the inside and outside of the cell

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5
Q

Describe the direction of chemical driving forces.

A
  • Down the chemical gradient

- From higher to lower concentration

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6
Q

Define cation.

A

particle with a positive (+) charge

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7
Q

Define anion.

A

particle with a negative (-) charge

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

A
  • Simple diffusion
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Diffusion through channels
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9
Q

Describe simple diffusion.

A
  • passive

- through the lipid bilayer

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10
Q

Simple diffusion is influenced by:

A
  • Surface area
  • Permeability
  • Concentration gradient
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11
Q

Give 2 examples of facilitated diffusion.

A
  • GLUT4 insertion: primary exercise effect

- GLUT4 activity (intrinsic): secondary exercise effect

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12
Q

Name 3 characteristics of diffusion through channels.

A
  • Transmembrane protein
  • Passageway or pore (Aquaporin)
  • Substance specific
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13
Q

Describe aquaporin channels.

A
  • Selective pores that permit water movement by diffusion
  • Urinary system
  • Hormonal influence
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14
Q

Name 3 types of ion channels.

A
  • Leak channels
  • Gated channels
  • Bidirectional
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15
Q

Describe leak channels.

A

Allow Na+ and K+ to move down conc. Gradients to maintain stable resting membrane potential

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16
Q

Describe gated channels.

A

Chemical messenger binds, then channel allows ion through

17
Q

Describe bidirectional channels.

A

Allows movement of ions in both directions

18
Q

Where does primary active transport get it’s energy?

A
  • energy requiring

- usually from ATP hydrolysis

19
Q

Describe ATP hydrolysis.

A
  • Water breaks down ATP
  • Liberates phosphate, energy
  • Energy used to drive the pump
20
Q

Give an example of primary active transport.

A

Sodium potassium pump is AKA ATPase

21
Q

Where does secondary active transport get it’s energy?

A
  • Energy released from ion diffusion
  • Energy used to drive a pump
  • Diffusion due to previous active transport of an ion
22
Q

What is symport?

A

Moving things together in one direction

23
Q

What is antiport?

A

one goes in, one goes out. Opposite directions.

24
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

Drives movement of substances into capillary bed and v.v

25
Q

What is iso-osmotic?

A
  • balanced

- All we need is a difference across the membrane to move it

26
Q

What is hyper osmotic?

A
  • high solute concentration means low water concentration
  • Hyperosmotic inside cell, water will move inside the cell
  • Moving down concentration gradient, even if it is against pressure
27
Q

What is hypo osmotic?

A

High water, low solute concentration

28
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A
  • Total solute concentration

- Determines the pull on water

29
Q

When solute concentration increases, osmotic pressure ______.

A

increases

30
Q

Give an example of solute concentration affecting osmotic pressure.

A
  • Total solute concentration: kidneys, urinary system
  • Long loop of Henley: dips far down into centre of kidney, salty = high concentration of solutes in medulla of kidney
  • Water is pulled out of tubule into the medulla = concentrates urine
31
Q

What is transcytosis?

A

moving something across the cell

32
Q

Define endocytosis.

A

bringing something into the cell

33
Q

Define exocytosis.

A

moving something out of the cell.

PSIO 259 (22 decks)

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