Neurology Flashcards
What is the VAN score?
Weakness and one of Visual disturbance, Aphasia, and Neglect
People w h this should be considered for endovaculat thrombectomy.
What is the BP threshold for post TPA?
SBP 180
What patients get DAPT after CVA?
Two populations:
- low risk stroke (by NHSS score)
- high-risk TIA (by ABCD2)
Review the differentiation between central and peripheral vertigo.
Central:
- Multidirectional nystagmus
- Postural instability
- FND
- Immediate nystagmus that persists > 1 min
Peripheral:
- Horizontal, unidirectional nystagmus
- Mild postural instability
- No FNDs
- Visual fixation helps
- Delayed nystagmus
What questions do you need to ask about headache?
- Onset: Sudden or gradual? Associated with trauma or manipulation?
- Similarity to prior?
- Age and comorbidities?
- Associated symptoms: fever, AMS, neck pain, FNDs, vomiting
What physical exam things should you assess for in a patient with HA?
- Full neuro exam
- Kernig’s (passive leg flexion causing back/HA pain
- Brudzinski’s (bowing the head while supine leads to involuntary flexion of the hips
- Neck tenderness/stiffness
- Rash
Review the HPI for HA.
Emergent diagnoses:
— SAH: sudden-onset maximum pain, AMS, blood thinner use, FNDs, meningismus, different from prior HAs, older patients, trauma, alcoholic
— Clot: OCPs, PMH of cancer, pregnant or recently pregnant
— PRES: HTN, AMS
— Meningoencephalitis: fever, neck pain, meningismus, AMS, local infection, immunocompromised status, different from past HAs
— Dissection of vertebral artery: recent neck trauma (including chiropractic manipulation)
— Cancer: age > 50, PMH of cancer, behind on screenings
— Space-occupying lesion: vomiting in AM, B symptoms, progressively worsening HA
— Pregnancy
— CO poisoning: family all has HA now, winter months
— GCA: vision changes, jaw claudication, neck pain
— Glaucoma: vision changes, eye pain
Non-emergent diagnoses:
— Migraine: photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, aura, association with menses, improves with rest, hallucinations, more often unilateral and throbbing
— Tension: more often bilateral and non-throbbing, typically featureless otherwise
— Cluster: eye symptoms (tearing, conjunctivitis, pain), clustered time-wise, improves with O2
— Sinus: sinus symptoms
— Referred tooth/ear pain: oral/otalgic disorders
— Rebound HA: frequent NSAID use, HA happens after NSAID wears off
Why is a thorough HPI and exam important for patients presenting with headache?
The vast majority of headaches are idiopathic headaches that go away on their own. You should only do a workup with labs and imagining if they have concerning features.
In treating a HA patient, always remember to ________ after any intervention.
reassess, reassess, reassess
The more you know about how they’re doing, the sooner you can make a plan for next steps.
What is sphenopalatine nerve block?
Putting anesthetic in the nose – helpful for frontal headache
- Atomizer
- 3 mL syringe
- 1% lidocaine w/o epinephrine
- 2 10 cm applicator
Soak applicator in lidocaine. Spray 1 mL in each nare. Place applicator in nose for 5-15 minutes.
Review the technique for greater occipital nerve block.
- Draw 5 mL 1% lidocaine w/o epinephrine
- Inject halfway between mastoid and occipital protuberance
Noncontrast head CT is only definitively negative for SAH if it is done within _________ of symptom onset.
6 hours
If it’s after 6 hours and the head CT is negative, then consider an LP or CTA.
LPs will diagnose how many SAHs missed on noncontrast CTs done for SAH r/o?
1 in 90
What disorder that causes a cauda equina-like syndrome can be seen in those with autoimmune disease?
Transverse myelitis
What are common triggers for migraines?
Think Valentine’s Day:
- Wine
- Chocolate
- Aged cheese
Also not in the mnemonic, menses.
The corticospinal tract is in which part of the spine?
Lateral and anterior
The corticospinal tract controls _______________.
ipsilateral motor function
The spinothalamic tract transmits _______________.
contralateral pain and temperature sensation
The spinothalamic tract is in which part of the spinal cord?
Anterolateral
True or false: the dorsal columns transmit proprioception from the ipsilateral side.
True (they cross in the brainstem
Which dermatomes are innervated by the thoracic spine?
From above the nipples (including the medial arms) to the infraumbilical area
The sacral dermatomes primarily innervate the __________ aspect of the body.
dorsal
Review the motor exam by gross nerve root.
C5: shoulder shrug
C6: biceps flexion
C7: triceps extension
C8: wrist extension
T1: finger abduction
L2: hip flexion
L3: knee extension
L4: knee flexion
L5: plantarflexion
S1: dorsiflexion
Embolectomy for LVOs can be up to _______________.
24 hours