Infectious Disease Flashcards
A 2011 trial showed that ________ courses of antibiotics led to increased risk of C Diff.
longer
Particularly longer than 7 days.
Studies have shown that treating uncomplicated PNA with 5 days compared to 10 days led to what differences?
Fewer adverse effects and lower mortality in the short course group
Even complicated UTIs can be treated with as few as ______ days of antibiotics.
5
Studies exclude urologic abnormalities.
A study by Yahav showed that ___ days of antibiotics was just as safe as 14 in treating GNR bacteremia.
7
Don’t forget to add __________ when people have fever and rash.
doxycycline
This is commonly forgotten in coverage.
What is the most common tic-borne illness of NC?
Ehrlichia
The classic manifestations of Ehrlichia are what?
- Myalgias
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Maculopapular rash
- CNS involvement (either meningitis or nerve palsy)
- ARDS
- Pancytopenia
- Hyponatremia
Acute serology in tic-borne illness is unhelpful. Why?
Positive serology could be old. Negative serology could be too early.
You need to get convalescent serum to confirm diagnosis.
What physical exam findings should you look for in those with concern for fungal infections?
- Oropharyngeal (black spots or erythema on the roof of the mouth, sinus pain)
- Skin (erythematous papules)
- Lung (invasive pulmonary diseases)
The risk of dying from sepsis goes up ____-fold after age 65.
13
Bloody diarrhea and seizures are associated with what pathogen?
Shigella
The most common AIDS-defining illness is _________.
PCP
Second most common is esophageal candidiasis.
What two treatments (drugs) should you start for PCP pneumonia if diagnosed in the ED?
Bactrim (it’s for treatment and PPX) and steroids if they are hypoxic with PaO2 70 mm Hg or less on RA
Which AIDS medication can cause bone marrow suppression?
Zidovudine
Other than infections, what can cause diarrhea in AIDS patients?
Medications
Ritonavir frequently causes diarrhea. You still need to rule common opportunistic pathogens but keep this in mind, especially if someone looks well and has negative workup.
AIDS patients with symptoms of esophagitis should undergo what initial management step?
Empiric fluconazole treatment
Esophageal candidiasis is the most common cause of odynophagia in AIDS patients, so treating them with fluconazole and having follow up endoscopy if they fail to improve is reasonable.
After a high-risk HIV exposure – such as unprotected sex or a needle stick with someone known to have HIV – what regimen is recommended?
A three=drug regimen for 28 days
The Deertick is scientifically called _____________.
Ixodes scapularis
Also called blacklegged tick
Which tick caries RMSF?
Dermacentor (aka wood tick)
Review qSOFA.
The Quick Sepsis-Related (or Sequential) Organ Failure Assessment score is used to predict outcomes in sepsis.
Patients get 1 point for each of the following:
RR >22
AMS
SBP < 100
A score of 2 or greater predicts worse outcomes and longer ICU stay.
The most typical second-line pressor in septic shock is _____________.
vasopressin
0.04 U/min
How does meningococcal meningitis usually start?
As a mild URI
What is meningitis dosing of ceftriaxone?
100 mg/kg
TB usually affects the __________ of the lungs.
apices