Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals 2 > Neuro VHA > Flashcards

Neuro VHA Flashcards

1
Q

How do myelinated axons stain?

A

myelin does not stain well so they look white with large nucleus in middle

can look wavy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What surrounds a bundle of axons?

A

perineurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is structure of fibers in dorsal root ganglia?

A

pseudounipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is contained in the dorsal root ganglia?

A

sensory nerves

PNS nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Connective tissue near axon bundle

A

perineurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the only location where psuedounipolar cells are found?

A

dorsal root ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an autonomic ganglion composed of?

A

cell bodies of motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are there neuronal cell bodies in the PNS? If yes, where?

A

not typically in periphery

can see neuronal cell bodies in the periphery if in a ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does Nissl stain?

A

the RER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can you use to stain myelin?

A

Luxol fast blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do sensory signals pass through before reaching the spinal cord?

A

pass through dorsal root ganglion first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are bipolar neurons found?

A

special senses, like smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of neurons are in CNS and autonomic ganglia?

A

multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

afferent fibers

A

sensory

deliver information from PNS to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

efferent fibers

A

motor

can cause voluntary (somatic) or involuntary (autonomic) muscle movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is a 2 neuron pathway found?

A

autonomic efferent fibers

16
Q

Which cells myelinate and where?

A

COPS

CNS = oligodendrites

PNS = Schwann

17
Q

What does gray matter contain?

A

glial cells and neuronal cell bodies

18
Q

What does white matter contain?

A

glial cells and myelinated axons

19
Q

How can you detect MS by staining?

A

when you add Luxol blue stain to find myelin there are areas of no myelination

these are plaques and representative of MS

20
Q

How can you detect MS on MRI?

A

optic nerve is present, indicates optic neuritis

fingerlike plaques in the brain scan

21
Q

What are fingerlike plaques called on MS MRI?

A

Dawson finger

22
Q

When looking at a bundle of axons in the periphery, what are you actually seeing on stain?

A

actually seeing nuclei of surrounding glial cells

axon itself does not stain and neuronal cell bodies are not located in the periphery

23
Q

What are the general steps of peripheral reflexes?

A
  1. relay signal to cell body in DRG
  2. DRG synapes with interneuron in gray matter of spinal cord
  3. interneuron synapes with cell body of motor neuron in gray matter
  4. motor neuron sends message to pull hand away
24
Q

5 places where MRI is good to use

A

1) neuropsychiatric
2) musculoskeletal
3) cardiac
4) abdominopelvic
5) breast

25
Q

T1 / T2 in MRI

A

T1 is bright/white for fat

T2 is bright/white for fat and water

26
Q

Difference in CSF on T1/T2 images

A

Since T2 is bright for water, CSF will be bright on T2 scan

On T1 scan, CSF will be dark since not fat

27
Q

Why is bone always black on both T1 / T2?

A

contains no free protons so stays black

28
Q

TR in MRI

A

repetion time

amount of time between successive pulse sequences applied to the same slice

29
Q

TE in MRI

A

time to echo

time between the delivery of the RF pulse and the receipt of the echo signal

30
Q

diffusion

A

how far water molecules go through body

can use for stroke

when cells die, H2O rushes in (can see cells affected by stroke)

31
Q

FLAIR in MRI

A

Fluid attenuated inversion recovery

special type of inversion that can remove CSF

32
Q

When is FLAIR useful?

A

remove CSF in MS brain scans

allows us to see the Dawson finger’s better

33
Q

What is fat suppression useful?

A

can see organs better

ex: might suppress fat in eyes to potentially see optic nerve better

34
Q

gadolinium

A

main type of contrast used in MRI

works by changing the relaxitivity of nearby water molecules

shows blood flow and damage to blood barriers

35
Q

Cancerous tissue and gadolinium

A

normally appears brighter when gadolinium is used since cancer is vascular and has high uptake

can be used to find hidden tumors in T1 scans!

Fundamentals 2 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions