Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

muscarinic receptors

Answer 1

parasympathetic

metabotrophic receptor / slower

acetylcholine acts on

Question 2

adrenergic receptors

Answer 2

sympathetic

quicker

norepinephrine acts on

Question 3

nicotinic receptors

Answer 3

sympathetic sweat glands

quicker

acetylcholine works on

Question 4

What 2 places are an exception to neurotransmitter of sympathetic system?

Answer 4

in sweat glands and adrenal glands acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter

Question 5

neurotransmitter of sympathetic

Answer 5

normally norepinephrine

Question 6

neurotransmitter of parasympathetic

Answer 6

acetylcholine

Question 7

Which branch of ANS has diffuse activation?

Answer 7

sympathetic

many preganglionic branches

Question 8

Which branch of ANS has discrete activation?

Answer 8

parasympathetic

few preganglionic branches

Question 9

Where is origin of sympathetic?

Answer 9

T1-L3

Question 10

Where is origin of parasympathetic?

Answer 10

craniosacral

Question 11

where is location of sympathetic ganglia?

Answer 11

paravertebral sympathateic trunk

Question 12

where is location of parasympathetic ganglia?

Answer 12

near target organs

Question 13

Which adrenergic does vasodilation of thorax/brain?

Answer 13

beta (sympathetic)

Question 14

Which adrenergic does vasoconstriction of periphery?

Answer 14

alpha (sympathetic)

Question 15

What does sympathetic do to periphery?

Answer 15

vasoconstricts to shunt blood to heart/brain

Question 16

What does sympathetic due to thorax/brain?

Answer 16

vasodilates to have more blood

Question 17

3 physiological differences of hormonal release of epinephrine and nerve release of norepinephrine

Answer 17

1) duration of action: hormonal last longer since no reuptake

2) Hormonal release can activate receptors that do not have nerves nearby

3) No neuronal activation of Beta receptors (need a hormone release for beta receptors)

Question 18

hypogastric nerve

Answer 18

innervates bladder

sympathetic innervation

relax detrustor (avoid peeing)

Question 19

pelvic nerve

Answer 19

innervates bladder

parasympathetic innervation

contract detrusor (pee)

Question 20

pudendal nerve

Answer 20

innervates bladder

somatic

nicotinic receptors contract (pee?)

Question 21

Where are baroreceptors located?

Answer 21

aortic arch and carotid sinus

Question 22

What do baroreceptors do?

Answer 22

detect BP

high BP can activate parasympathetic to lower BP (and vice versa for low BP)

Question 23

What system is vagus nerve a part of?

Answer 23

parasympathetic nervous system

decreases HR

Question 24

POTS

Answer 24

HR increases too much when you stand up

Question 25

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 25

BP drops too much when you stand up

Question 26

What is the neurotransmitter / receptor for all preganglionic synapses?

Answer 26

acetylcholine with nicotinic receptors

Question 27

What does an agonist do?

Answer 27

stimulates a receptor

Question 28

Most common bladder pathology in MS

Answer 28

overactive bladder / increased urgency

Question 29

Link between CNS and bladder pathology

Answer 29

Brain controls micturition

lesions in CNS can cause downstream effects

Question 30

Which drugs could you give to treat increased bladder urgency?

Answer 30

would want something to relax detrusor / bladder smooth muscle

B2-adrenergic agonist, botox, antimuscarinic

*any drug that activates the sympathetic system or deactivates the parasympathetic

Question 31

How does BOTOX works?

Answer 31

prevents ACh release at neuromuscular junction

acetylcholine stimulates, so this leads to no contraction

Question 32

How can pyridostigmine treat both POTS and orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 32

-stigmine = cholinesterase inhibitor

prevents breakdown of acetylcholine

acetylcholine is in both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

for POTS, slow HR since acetylcholine = parasympathetic in heart

for orthostatic hypotension, increase BP by inducing vasoconstriction (sympathetic only works on vasculature)

Question 33

Which branch of ANS works on vasculature?

Answer 33

sympathetic system ONLY

Question 34

Why do autonomic drugs have many side effects?

Answer 34

Since many organs in the ANS have the same receptors

ex: if something works in on a alpha-adregeneric receptor, these are in multiple sites in body