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Fundamentals 2 > Lipoprotein Metabolism > Flashcards

Lipoprotein Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only way to excrete cholesterol?

A

bile

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2
Q

why are fats packaged into lipoprotien?

A

polar capsule allows them to move through water

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3
Q

apolipoproteins

A

proteins attached to the outer shell of a lipoprotein

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4
Q

what lipoproteins are high in triglycerides?

A

VLDL and chylomicron

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5
Q

what lipoproteins are high in cholesterol esters?

A

LDL and HDL

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6
Q

Apo A-1

A

associated with HDL

activates LCAT

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7
Q

Apo B-48

A

associated with chylomicrons

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8
Q

Mature chylomicrons

A

gain Apo C-11 and Apo E in addition to Apo B-48 which is present on all chylomicrons

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9
Q

Apo B-100

A

associated with VLDL and LDL

C-terminal of B-100 binds to LDL receptor

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10
Q

What apoproteins do nascent LDL have ?

A

B-100, C-11 and E

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11
Q

What apoproteins do mature LDL have?

A

B-100

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12
Q

What apoproteins do nascent VLDL have?

A

B-100

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13
Q

What apoproteins do mature VLDL have?

A

B-100, C-II and E

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14
Q

What apoproteins do mature HDL have?

A

A-1, C-11 and E

*nascent HDL only have A-1

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15
Q

What is the source of C-11 and E for chylomicrons?

A

HDL

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16
Q

What receptor do chylomicrons end up solely expressing?

A

they solely express E

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17
Q

Apoprotein E and binding

A

able to bind the remnant receptors on liver

allows chlyomicron remnants to bind to liver

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18
Q

LDL function

A

give cholesterol to peripheral tissues

19
Q

HDL function

A

retrieve excess cholesterol from tissues

20
Q

VLDL function

A

deliver triglycerides to tissues from liver

21
Q

chylomicron function

A

deliver triglyceride from intestine to liver

22
Q

What is the cofactor for LPL

A

C-11

23
Q

LPL function

A

break down triglycerides in VLDL and chylomicron to deliver FA to tissues

remaining glycerol returns to the liver

24
Q

Where is LPL located

A

in capillary beds

25
Q

What 3 enzymes are associated with reverse transport / HDL?

A

LCAT

CETP

SR-B1

26
Q

LCAT function

A

makes cholesterol ester so it can get into neutral core for transport by HDL

cholesterol is now able to be transported back to the liver

27
Q

CETP function

A

move cholesterol ester from HDL to other lipoproteins

28
Q

how is cholesterol created from VLDL?

A

CETP moves cholesterol ester from HDL to LDL

29
Q

SR-B1 function

A

scavenger receptor directly transports cholesterol and ester to tissue or liver

30
Q

tissues that commonly require cholesterol express what receptor

A

SR-B1

31
Q

what tissues commonly require cholesterol?

A

adrenal cortex and sex organs

need cholesterol to produce hormones

32
Q

What binds to the LDL receptor?

A

the C-terminal of Apo B-100

33
Q

How do chylomicrons bypass the liver?

A

move through the lymph first and then the blood

34
Q

bile acids

A

break down dietary fat and cholesterol to package into chylomicrons

35
Q

what is elevated in familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

LDL levels

36
Q

familial hypercholesterolemia genetic pattern

A

autosomal dominant / haploinsufficiency

37
Q

what form of familial hypercholesterolemia is most severe?

A

homozygous

38
Q

xanthuma

A

cutaneous deposit of cholesterol that can be seen in familial hypercholesterolemia

39
Q

statin MOA

A

block cholesterol production by blocking HMG CoA Reductase

40
Q

what causes familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

mutations in LDL receptor gene

by mutating the LDLR, you are unable to uptake LDL which is a bad thing

no uptake also indicates to liver artifically low LDL levels and liver will produce more cholesterol (even though levels in blood are high)

41
Q

PCSK-9 function

A

determines if LDL receptor will be degraded or re-expressed on the membrane

PCSK-9 prefers degrading the receptor

42
Q

PCSK-9 inhibitor

A

by inhibiting PCSK-9, we recycle more LDL receptors which is good for lowering serum LDL

43
Q

Where does most serum cholesterol come from?

A

de novo synthesis in liver

this is why statins work better than exercise in lowering cholesterol

44
Q

what are LDL and remanent receptors coated with?

A

clathrin

Fundamentals 2 (30 decks)

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