HIV

Question 1

Where does most transmission of HIV occur?

Answer 1

across mucosal barrier

Question 1

What are the 3 gene types of HIV? List their associated factors

Answer 1

env gene: gp120 + gp41

gag gene: p24 core antigen

pol gene: reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase

Question 2

CD4 vs. CD8 cells

Answer 2

CD4 = helper T-cells and macrophages

CD8 = cytotoxic T-cells

Question 3

What are the 2 ways you can diagnoses AIDS?

Answer 3

*in an HIV postive individual … *

1) CD4 count < 200

2) AIDS-defining opportunistic infection

Question 4

List 7 common AIDS-defining infections

Answer 4

esophageal candidiasis

TB

Kaposi’s sarcoma

PJP

cytococcus

MAC

non-Hodgen’s lymphoma

Question 5

How can aids affect the CNS/

Answer 5

can affect the CNS macrophages

this leads to AIDS-related dementia

Question 6

What is the testing order for HIV?

Answer 6

1) “fourth generation” screening test for p24 (sensitive)

2) HIV 1/2 differentiation assay (specific, perform if 4th gen test was positive)

3) NAAT, if still unsure after assay

Question 7

What is the general idea of HIV therapies?

Answer 7

can inhibit various stages of the replication cycle

Question 8

Common HIV combination therapy

Answer 8

often includes two NRTIs and one protease inhibitor (could be another type of inhibitor)

Question 9

Difference between NRTI and NNRTI

Answer 9

NNRTI is a non-competitive inhibitor of reverse transcriptase that binds directly to reverse transcriptase

NRTI is a DNA analog that competes with the host DNA to block reverse transcriptase (actually DNA)