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Fundamentals 2 > Lupus > Flashcards

Lupus Flashcards

1
Q

Cutaneous lupus

A

immune system targets skin cells that can lead to red, thick and scaly rashes that may itch or burn

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2
Q

Drug-induced lupus and most common drugs

A

lupus-like disease caused by some drugs

most common drugs: hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid

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3
Q

What are some other differentials for lupus?

A

Infections (EBV / HIV)

lymphoma / leukemia

other rheumatic disease (RA, mixed connective tissue disease)

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4
Q

What is only form of lupus that is itchy?

A

acute cutaneous lupus

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5
Q

What labs are important to check in lupus workup? (4)

A

CBC

CMP

ESR / CRP

ANA

(other antibodies)

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6
Q

CBC in lupus

A

shows -penias

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7
Q

CMP in lupus

A

can show kidney injury

ex: elevated creatinine

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8
Q

ESR

A

sedimentation rate

marker of inflammation (elevated)

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9
Q

CRP

A

c-reactive protein

marker of inflammation (elevated)

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10
Q

What is the first line treatment for SLE?

A

immunosuppressants: hydroxychloroquine and prednisone

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11
Q

Most common side effect of hydroxychloroquine

A

retinal toxicity / vision loss

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12
Q

Difference between nephritis and nephrotic syndrome

A

nephritis = RBCs in urine

Nephrotic = proteinuria more common

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13
Q

What do you see histologically in glomerulonephritis?

A

wire-loop lesion

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14
Q

What is the least toxic immunosuppressive medication?

A

hydroxycholoroquine

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15
Q

How long does hydroxychloroquine take to work?

A

6-8 weeks

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16
Q

MOA of hydroxychloroquine

A

weak base that accumulates in lysosomes which increases lysosomal pH

disrupts normal peptide assimilation

17
Q

Other benefits of hydroxychloroquine

A

(1) an increase in the LDL receptor which
helps lowering lipids

(2) a decrease in degeneration of insulin helping glucose intolerance

(3)
inhibition of platelet aggregation and adhesion which prevents thrombosis

18
Q

What 2 drugs are anti-metabolites?

A

methotrexate

leflunomide

leflunomide has longer half life

19
Q

MOA of methotrexate

A

inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase

20
Q

azathioprine MOA and side effects

A

AZA

MOA: inhibit purine synthesis

Side effects: pancytopenia due to bone marrow suppression

21
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil MOA and side effect

A

MMF

MOA: inhibit purine synthesis

Side effect: hepatotoxic and contraindicated in pregnancy

22
Q

Cyclophosphamide MOA and side effect

A

cytotoxic agent

decrease DNA synthesis and induce apoptosis due to DNA damage

MOA: hepatotoxicity + increased risk of infection/malignancy

23
Q

Anti-dsDNA

A

specific for SLE

shows disease activity

shows glomerulonephritis

high specificity, low sensitivity

24
Q

Anti-histone

A

shows drug-induced lupus

and SLE

25
Q

Anti-Smith

A

high specific low sensitivity

26
Q

Which complement proteins are decreased in SLE?

A

C3 and C4

Fundamentals 2 (30 decks)

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