Nervous System: Preview Flashcards
Antiemetic
agent 4 preventing/relieving vomiting
gray matter
region in CNS dominated by cell bodies, neuroglia & unmyelinated axons
Neuroglia
supporting cells of CNS & PNS
Glioma
Tumor composed of cells derived from neuroglia
Paresis
Muscle weakness or slight paralysis
Nuchal rigidity
stifeness of the neck fleion as a result of meningeal irritation
Dysphagia
difficulty in speaking and understanding wriiten, spoken language as a result of brain injury
Electroencephalography(EEG)
method of graphically recording electrical activity of the brain
Tissue Plasminogen Activator TPA tPA
Substance that disolves blood clots
Sensory Function
Using receptors to detect changes & respond in order to maintain homeostasis
Dura matter
Tough outtermost membrane that covers brain and spinal cord
Myelin
white, fatty substance that forms an insulating sheath around axons
White matter
regions in CNS dominated by myelinated axons
Cerebral Seizures
Recurrent convulsions w/ blank stares and temporary loss of awareness
Central Canal fluid
Passageway in spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid
Brain Contussion
Brain tissue bruise
Cerebral Angiography
Mapping of cerebral blood vessels using dye and x-rays
Astrocytoma
Tumor from astrocyctes
Aura
distinctive snesate signaling migrane
Parasympathetic ns
Division of autonomic ANS involved in rest& digest response
aka craniosacral ns
Spina Bifida
congenital defect of incomplete vertebral closure that allows the spinal cord of meninges to protrude
Vertigo
The sensation of dizzines while not moving that causes loss of balance
pons
serves as relay station from the peripheral nerves to brain
Coma
Prolonged state of deep uncosciousness
Epidural Space
space between overlying bone and dura matter
Parkinson Disease(PD)
Disorder resulting from progressive degeneration of dopamine- producing neurons in brain
Transcient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Brain disorder that’s not permanent resulting from blood flaw in interruption
cell body
main part of neuron
Hydrocephalus
Accumulation of CSF on the brain commonly known as “water on the brain”
Thalamus
Brain Part that serves a central relay station for incomming sensory impulses
Med term. for headache
cephalgia
PAin in the head
Cerebellum
2cd largest region, function in coordination of skeletal muscle activity 2 maintain ballance
Sequela
disorder caused by preceeding sidordder in same person
arachnoid matter
middle membrane covering brian & spinal cord
Gullian-Barré sydrome
Acute symmetrical lower motor neuron paralysis of unknown cause
Medulla Oblongata
enlarged continuation of spinal cord containing important reflex centers for heart, blood vessels and breathing
cranial nerves
12 pairs of peripheral nerves originating @ brain that connect to the brain but not the spinal cord
Hypothalamus
brain part that plays a role in homeostasis such as regulating body temperature and relasing hormones
MS
Multipule Sclerosis
Autoimmune disorder causing destruction of myelin sheaths
Ventricles
4 fluid filled chambers in brin
Cerebral Palsy(CP)
Group of mator function diseases present @ birth/ infancy brain during fetal development maybe as a result of interrupted blood floow to the flow of the brain during fetal development,childbirth or infancy
Spell the word that means memory loss
A-m-n-e-s-i-a
cauda equina
group of spinal nerves resembing a horse’s tail extending below distal end of spinal cord
Neurotransmitters
chemical messengers nbetween neurons or between neurons & muscles
Photophobia
eye sensitivity to light
Reyes Sydrome
complex of symptoms w/ liver damage & brain dysfunction occuring adter viral infection - linked to asprin use
Subarachnoid space
space between arachnoid matter, pia matter, filled with CSF
COmputed Telegraphy (CT)
imaginf method that uses a computer to reconscruct the anatomical features obtained by x-ray
Cerebrovascular Accident
Destruction of brain tissue due to the disruption of blood flow to a particular brain region; aka stroke/brain attack
Subdural space
Space between dura matter and arachnoid matter
meninges
3 membrane layers covering brain & spinal cord
Gyri
elevated ridges of brain surface
Plexus
spinal nerve network
Special Senses
Olfaction
Gustation
vision
equilibrium
hearing
Migrane
Recurrent, severe vascuar headache
Pia matter
Delicate intermost membrane surrounding brain and spinal cord
Oligodendroglioma
Tumor from oligodendrocytes
Hemiparesis
Muscle weakness or slight paralysis on one side
Alzheimer Disease (AD)
Degenerative brain disorder that causes a disabling dementia with an onset typically later in life and is characterized by B-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain
Sciatica
pain in lower back that radiates from back of thigh & down to leg
ANS
Autonomic nervous system
division of peripheral nervous system controlled subconciously
Encephalitis
Brain inflammation
Cerebral hemispheres
2 symetrical halves of cerebrum
Ependymoma
tumor from ependymal cells
Sympathetic Nervous System
Division of ANS involved in fight-flight response
aka Thoracolumbar ns
axon
Nerve cell extension carrying impulses away from cell body
CNS
Central Nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
gustation
the act of tasting
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Fatal degenerative disease of motor neurons marked by muscle weakness & atrophy aka Lou Gehrig Disease
Dementia
loss of intellectual & cognitive function while other brain functions are maintained
Epilepsy
brain disorder resulting from an irregular electrical discharge of neurons
Trigeminal Neuroalgia
Condition w/ pin in parts of the face served by one or more braclets of trigemenial nerve (CNV) aka Tic douloureux
Lumbar Puncture
procedure uing a needle inserted into subarachnoid space of lumbar region to remoce CSF, aka Spinal tap
Meningitis
Inflammation of meninges
Sulci
Shallow depression in brain surface
CSP
cerebrospinalfluid
liquid that bathes internal & external surfaces of central nervous system
Midbrain
part of brainstem that houses reflex centers associated with eye and head movements
PNS
Peripheral nervous system
all neural tissue outside central nervous system
Cerebrum
Largest porion of brain functioning in reasoning,learning, sensory, preception & emotions
Fissure
Deep groves in ther brain seperating gyri
meningocele
protusion of the meninges through bone,, forming a CSF-filled cyst
spina bifida cystica
severe type og congneital vertebral defect characterized by increased intracranial pressure
Generalized Tonic-clonic seizure
collapse, loss of consciousness and intermittent muscle contraction and relaxations
Polio Myelitis
Gray MAtter of spinal cord- sometumes leads to paralysis & muscle wasting aka Polio
Corpus Callosum
Broad band of white matter conecting cerebral hemispheres
SNS
Somatic nervous system
Division of peripheral nervous system that controls skeletal muscle contractions
Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)
Scale used to asses level of consciousness
Synapses
sites where adjacent neurons communicate
Cerebral Cortex
Outer layer of cerebrum
neurons
nerce cells that send & recieve nerve impulses
Spina Bifida Occulta
incomplete fusion of posterior arch of vertebrae
dermatome
area of skin supplied by a single pair of spinal nerves
Diencephalon
brain part that contains hemishpere & brainstem
brain stem
outside of cerebrum cerebullum consiting mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata
Huntington Chorea/Disease
HD
Inherited farm of dementia accompanied by atrophy of particular brain regions
Bell Palsy
Paralysis of muscle on oone side of the face innervated by the facial nerve CN VII
Dendrites
Branched nerve extension that carry impulses toward cell body
