Endocrine: Class Notes Flashcards
adrenal medulla
inner portion of adrenal gland
Gigantism
disorder from excessive GH secretion before puberty characterized by abnormally long bones
CT stands for
Calcitonin
thyroid hormone that lowers blood calcium levels
Endocrine System
Composed of glands and organs that secrete hormones directly into bloodstream to ensure long-term regulation and homeostasis
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide(ANP)
Hormone secreted by heart cells that promotes fluid loss and blood pressure reduction
hirsutism
abnormal hair growth on female’s body
type 2 diabetes
form of diabetes mellitus that occurs after age 40 from lack of insulin or inability to use insulin efficiently
hyperglycemia
abnormally high blood glucose level
aldosterone
adrenal cortex(hormone) that regulates salt and water balance
Pancreas
Glandular organ w/ exocrine/endocrine functions
precocious punerty
disorder in which physical maturity occurs @ an unusually early age due to pituitary gland dysfunction or hypothalamus dysfunction
radioimmunoassary (RIA)
TEST using radioactive tracers to detect antigens, antibodies,enzymes and hormones in blood
myedema
condition caused by decreased thyroid hormone production; form of hypothyroidism
juvenile-onset diabetes is aka…
type 1 diabetes
glycosylated hemoglobin (A12) Test
test used to measure circualting blood glucose levels over the life span of red blood cell
cortisol
adrenal cortex hormone that has anti-inflammatory effects; aka hydrocortisone
Addison dissease
wasting disorder caused by underactivity of adrenal glands
graves disease
autoimmune condition caused by excessive thyroid hormone production, form of hypothyroidism
Pituitary gland
master gland that orchestrates endocrine function;aka hypophysis
exophthalamus
exacerbation of signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism aka thyrotoxic crisis
NEUROhypophysis
part of pituitary gland that stores and releases hormones
Pancreatic islets
endocrine cells of pancreas that secrete hormones
whats another word for hypophysis
pituitary gland
Pheochromocytoma
adrenal medulla tumor causing irregular secretion of epinrephrine and norepinephrine
Adenohypophysis _____ hormones
Neurohypophysis ___ and _____ hormones
Adenohypophysis secretes hormones
Neurohypophysis stores ad releases hormone
Epineephrine(E)
adrenal medulla hormone involved in fight/flight, aka adrenaline, aka norepinephrine(NE), noradrenaline
Trousseau sign
carpal cpasm elicited when brachial regian is compressed, suggesting hypothyroidism
type 1 diabetes
form of diabtes mellitus that occurs before age 25 as a result of beta cell destruction; aka juvenile-onset diabetes
androgens
supplemental sex hormones produced by adrenal cortex
Hypothalamus
area of brain tht secretes relasing hormones and is involved w/ regulating temp, thirst, hunger
Secretion
Process by which substances are produced and discharged froma gland for a particular physiological function
leptin
hormone secreted by adipose tissue that regulates fat storage in the body
glucose tolernace test (GTT)
determination of blod glucose levels at differnt times after drinking a glucose syrup
postprandial
after a meal
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
hormone adminsitration to restore normal function
What hormone does the thyroid produce
thyroxine (T4) increases metabolic rate, enhances protein synthesis, and stimulates the breakdown of lipids, aka tetraiodothyronine(T3)
hyperthroidism
condition of escessive thyroid hormone production aka thryotoxicosis
Glucagon
PAncreatic hormone from alpha cells that increases blood glucose levels
PTH
Parathyroid Hormone
increases blood calcium levels
Target cell
cell that responds to a particular hormone
Hashimoto thyroiditis(disease)
autoimmune disease causing inflammed thyroid, causing hypothyroidism
infontile hypothroidism
congenital form of hypothyroidism
Excretion
Seperating materials from the blood to be eliminated as waste
circadian rhythm
human biorhythm repeating every 24 hours(sleep/wake cycle)
Cushings disease
disorder caused by excessive cortisol production by adrenal cortex and characterized by a “moon face” aperance
hypoglycemia
abnormally low blood glucose levels
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that occurs during pregnancy
Thymus secrets….
thymosins
urine ketosteroids test
analyses of urine to detect androgen metabolites
Estrogen
hormone produced by ovaries to stimulate secondary sexual characteristics
hypercalcemia
abnormally high blood calcium levels
Testosterone
hormone secreted by tesetes to stimulate sexual characteristics
diabetes mellitus(dm)
chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
melatonin
hormones secreted by pineal gland cells the may influence circadian rhythms
Insulin
Pancreatic hormone from beta** cells that **decrease blood glucose levels
pineal gland secretes….
melatonin
diabetes insipidus
chronic posterior pituitary gland disroder that causes inadequate ADH secretion
Adenohypophysis
Part of pituitary gland that secretes hormones
Progesterone
hormone ecreted by corpus luteum targeting uterus in preperation and maintence in pregnancy
pituitary dwarfism
abdnormal under development from inaequate GH secretion(hyposecretion)
Virlism
development of masculine traits in female
thymosins
group of hormones from thymus involved in the development of immune system and T cells
Adrenal cortex
outer portion of adrenal gland
Calcitrol
hormone released by the kidneys thats important for calcium regulation
Acromegaly
disorder caused by excessive GH secretion in adulthood, characterized by abnormally thick bones, happens after puberty
Gland
organized group of cells that functions as a secreting/excresting organ
