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Health Proffessions > Cardiac Chapt Notes(Book) > Flashcards

Cardiac Chapt Notes(Book) Flashcards

1
Q

what is a myocardial infarction

A

Heart tissue ischemia; heart attack

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2
Q

Whats the function of a capillary

A

Cappilaries- Sites of nutrient and gas exchange

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3
Q

Spel the condition that means:where the ductus arteriosus remains open after birth, allowing oxygenated blood back into the lungs

A

Ductus A-r-t-e-r-i-o-s-u-s

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4
Q

endocarditis

A

INflammation of endocardium

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5
Q

What is the cardiovascular system is composed of

A

The heart and the body’s blood vessels, or vascular network

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6
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

Adheres to hearts surface.Parietal layer forms loose-fitting sac. Shields heart from friction

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7
Q

PTCA

A

Procedure- balloon catheter is used to restore blood flow in blocked vesel

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8
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Circulation of blood through lings via the pulmonary arteries and veins

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9
Q

Venules

A

smallest branches of veins

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10
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal outward bulge in artery, making thin, weakened section in arterial wall.

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11
Q

What are the names of the 3 blood vessels

A

artieris, veins, capillaries

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12
Q

What is the coronary circulation

A

Blood Supply to heart tissue

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13
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

Vessel that transport blood from the lungs t the heart

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14
Q

CHF

A

Congestive Heart Failure disease where heart muscle cant keep pace to provide body w/ oxygenated blood

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15
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A

Condition where the ductus arteriosus remains open after birth, allowing oxygenated blood back into the lungs

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16
Q

Exercise Stress Test

A

Test measuring heart rate,BP, ECG(EKG), while exercising

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17
Q

CABG

A

Surgery to create arterial diversion around on obstruction in coronary vessels

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18
Q

Whats the job of cappillaries

A

Provide a bridge between the arteries(arterioles), smallest branches of arteries to smallest branches of veins. venule, allow microscopic molecules to be exchanged between blood & force fluid nearly everywhere in body

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19
Q

Arterioles

A

smallest branches of arteries

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20
Q

Define CAD

A

MYocardium recieves not enough blood supply

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21
Q

What are the two important enzymes in the heart

A

Creatine kinase(CK) Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)

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22
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

Route of the blood throughout the body

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23
Q

What causes CHF

A

Hypertension,CAD, COPD, cardiomyopathy

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24
Q

What happens in the heart during a myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Elevated cardiac enzyme, abnormal CK,LDH enzyme. Levels of CK rise 6-24hrs after MI, LDH levels elevate in patients w/ congestive heart failure and peak 48hrs after an MI 6hr window to stop progression of the cardiac event before permanent damage. 65% of MIi deaths occur w/in the 1st hr

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25
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

When the heart suddenly stops

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26
Q

name/describe the aneurysm

A

Dissecting Aneurysm- splitting of arterial wall, )usally inner lining) layers, creating a bulge between the layers

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27
Q

Thallium Scan

A

Test using radioactive thallium to asss coronary artery disease

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28
Q

Palpitation

A

Fluttering of the heart

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29
Q

Ischemia

A

In adequate supply of blood and oxygen to tissues from arterial blockage

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30
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Heart compression caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac

31
Q

Echocardiogram

A

image of the heart produced by ultra sound

32
Q

Myocardium

A

Mostly made of cardiac muscle tissue

33
Q

Describe the heart in location,size, and placement

A

4 chamber pumping organ. Gen structure.- hollow, funnel shaped muscular pump, tilted position to the left. bulk of heart is to the left of the sternum. Approx. size of clenched fist. 13cm(5.2 in), 8cm (3.2 in). wide. Heart size depends on indivisual and excercise level

34
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner layer, continous for inner lining of blood vessels

35
Q

Cardiac Catherization

A

Procedure where flexible tube is inserted into coronary vessels of a peripheral artery for images

36
Q

The function of a Vessel

A

delivers electrolytes,hormones, nutrients oxygen to tissues

37
Q

Define Plaque

A

Lipid/fats deposits in arterial wall

38
Q

Name/describe the Aneurysm

A

Fusifrom Aneurysm

Enlongated, spindle-shaped dialation of the arterial wall

39
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A

NArrowing of mitral valve opening impeding blood flow

40
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

A complete round of heart contraction and relaxation; a complete heart beat

41
Q

Spell the word that means surgical removal of plaque from an artery

A

A-t-h-e-r-e-c-t-o-m-y

42
Q

2 lower chambers

A

Ventricles- force blood out of the heart into arteries. Left ventricle is thicker than right,b/c its a stronger muscle. Right ventricle pumps blood a shorter distance

43
Q

____are less elastic, smooth muscle than arteries

A

Veins are less elastic, smooth muscle than arteries

44
Q

Pulmonary Arteries

A

Transport blood to the R &L lungs

45
Q

What causes the heart to beat

A

Electrical impulses that stimulate contractions called the cardiac conduction system

46
Q

What condition primarily causes Mitral Stenosis

A

Rheumatic Heart disease which is an autoimmune disorder

47
Q

2 upper chambers

A

Atria (singular=atrum) called this b/c in earlier times the atria was the first room in a house

48
Q

Whats the main job of the CV system

A

Pump blood through out the body

49
Q

What are normal ranges for adult BP

A

120/80

50
Q

What usually causes endocarditis

A

bacterial/ fungal infection elsewhere in the body

51
Q

Bruit

A

Swishing sound from turbulent blood flow

52
Q

Hyertension

A

Chronic abnormally high BP

53
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Plaque in inner arterial wall

54
Q

Spell the word that means: Atherectomy including removal of diseased portions of atrial lining

A

E-n-d-a-r-t-e-r-e-c-o-m-y

55
Q

What valve is affected by mitral valve prolapse?

A

Left bicuspid(mitral)valve. Mostly congenital, causes blood regurgitation. Usually no S/S b/c volume of blood supply in opposite direction is not significant

56
Q

Fibrillation

A

Irregular, uncoordinated heart contractions

57
Q

Heart Block

A

Condition caused y impairment of the conductinh system

58
Q

Veins ____ blood ___ the heart

A

Veins RETURN blood TO the heart

59
Q

Atrial septal Defect

A

Abnormal opening between atria that allow blood to shunt back and forth

60
Q

Name/describe the aneurysm

A

Saccular Aneurysm

sac-like bulb on one side

61
Q

List the flow of blood through the heart

A

Inferior Vena cava & superior cena cava- right atrium-right atrium-tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary valve-R&L pulmonary arteries- R&L lungs- R&L pulmonary veins-Left atrium- bicuspid valve- left ventricle-left ventricle-aortic valve-aorta-systemic circulation-back the superior/inferior vena cave

62
Q

List the flow of blood through the systemic circuit

A

heart-aorta-arterioles-capillaries-venules-veins-superior-and inferior venae cavae-heart

63
Q

Pericardium

A

Surrounds/protects heart to layers, inner visceral (epicardium), outter parietal layer

64
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of arteries

65
Q

Holter Monitor

A

Portable device for recording an ECG(EKG over an extended time period

66
Q

MVP

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse When flaps don’t close properly and forms the prolapse

67
Q

What does a vein have that an artery doesnt?

A

A valve

68
Q

Aortic Coarctation

A

Congenital narrowing of the aorta

69
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Radiating chest pain

70
Q

Angiogram

A

X-ray of blood vessels after injection of dye into the bloodstream

71
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair of diseased vessel

72
Q

Where is lumen located

A

Space inside tubular artery

73
Q

Just look at the pic

A

Take a breather

Health Proffessions (77 decks)

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