Cardiac Chapt Notes(Book) Flashcards
what is a myocardial infarction
Heart tissue ischemia; heart attack
Whats the function of a capillary
Cappilaries- Sites of nutrient and gas exchange
Spel the condition that means:where the ductus arteriosus remains open after birth, allowing oxygenated blood back into the lungs
Ductus A-r-t-e-r-i-o-s-u-s
endocarditis
INflammation of endocardium
What is the cardiovascular system is composed of
The heart and the body’s blood vessels, or vascular network
Visceral Pericardium
Adheres to hearts surface.Parietal layer forms loose-fitting sac. Shields heart from friction
PTCA
Procedure- balloon catheter is used to restore blood flow in blocked vesel
Pulmonary Circuit
Circulation of blood through lings via the pulmonary arteries and veins
Venules
smallest branches of veins
Aneurysm
Abnormal outward bulge in artery, making thin, weakened section in arterial wall.
What are the names of the 3 blood vessels
artieris, veins, capillaries
What is the coronary circulation
Blood Supply to heart tissue
Pulmonary Veins
Vessel that transport blood from the lungs t the heart
CHF
Congestive Heart Failure disease where heart muscle cant keep pace to provide body w/ oxygenated blood
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Condition where the ductus arteriosus remains open after birth, allowing oxygenated blood back into the lungs
Exercise Stress Test
Test measuring heart rate,BP, ECG(EKG), while exercising
CABG
Surgery to create arterial diversion around on obstruction in coronary vessels
Whats the job of cappillaries
Provide a bridge between the arteries(arterioles), smallest branches of arteries to smallest branches of veins. venule, allow microscopic molecules to be exchanged between blood & force fluid nearly everywhere in body
Arterioles
smallest branches of arteries
Define CAD
MYocardium recieves not enough blood supply
What are the two important enzymes in the heart
Creatine kinase(CK) Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
Systemic Circuit
Route of the blood throughout the body
What causes CHF
Hypertension,CAD, COPD, cardiomyopathy
What happens in the heart during a myocardial infarction (MI)
Elevated cardiac enzyme, abnormal CK,LDH enzyme. Levels of CK rise 6-24hrs after MI, LDH levels elevate in patients w/ congestive heart failure and peak 48hrs after an MI 6hr window to stop progression of the cardiac event before permanent damage. 65% of MIi deaths occur w/in the 1st hr
Cardiac Arrest
When the heart suddenly stops
name/describe the aneurysm
Dissecting Aneurysm- splitting of arterial wall, )usally inner lining) layers, creating a bulge between the layers
Thallium Scan
Test using radioactive thallium to asss coronary artery disease
Palpitation
Fluttering of the heart
Ischemia
In adequate supply of blood and oxygen to tissues from arterial blockage
Cardiac Tamponade
Heart compression caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac
Echocardiogram
image of the heart produced by ultra sound
Myocardium
Mostly made of cardiac muscle tissue
Describe the heart in location,size, and placement
4 chamber pumping organ. Gen structure.- hollow, funnel shaped muscular pump, tilted position to the left. bulk of heart is to the left of the sternum. Approx. size of clenched fist. 13cm(5.2 in), 8cm (3.2 in). wide. Heart size depends on indivisual and excercise level
Endocardium
Inner layer, continous for inner lining of blood vessels
Cardiac Catherization
Procedure where flexible tube is inserted into coronary vessels of a peripheral artery for images
The function of a Vessel
delivers electrolytes,hormones, nutrients oxygen to tissues
Define Plaque
Lipid/fats deposits in arterial wall
Name/describe the Aneurysm
Fusifrom Aneurysm
Enlongated, spindle-shaped dialation of the arterial wall
Mitral Stenosis
NArrowing of mitral valve opening impeding blood flow
Cardiac Cycle
A complete round of heart contraction and relaxation; a complete heart beat
Spell the word that means surgical removal of plaque from an artery
A-t-h-e-r-e-c-t-o-m-y
2 lower chambers
Ventricles- force blood out of the heart into arteries. Left ventricle is thicker than right,b/c its a stronger muscle. Right ventricle pumps blood a shorter distance
____are less elastic, smooth muscle than arteries
Veins are less elastic, smooth muscle than arteries
Pulmonary Arteries
Transport blood to the R &L lungs
What causes the heart to beat
Electrical impulses that stimulate contractions called the cardiac conduction system
What condition primarily causes Mitral Stenosis
Rheumatic Heart disease which is an autoimmune disorder
2 upper chambers
Atria (singular=atrum) called this b/c in earlier times the atria was the first room in a house
Whats the main job of the CV system
Pump blood through out the body
What are normal ranges for adult BP
120/80
What usually causes endocarditis
bacterial/ fungal infection elsewhere in the body
Bruit
Swishing sound from turbulent blood flow
Hyertension
Chronic abnormally high BP
Atherosclerosis
Plaque in inner arterial wall
Spell the word that means: Atherectomy including removal of diseased portions of atrial lining
E-n-d-a-r-t-e-r-e-c-o-m-y
What valve is affected by mitral valve prolapse?
Left bicuspid(mitral)valve. Mostly congenital, causes blood regurgitation. Usually no S/S b/c volume of blood supply in opposite direction is not significant
Fibrillation
Irregular, uncoordinated heart contractions
Heart Block
Condition caused y impairment of the conductinh system
Veins ____ blood ___ the heart
Veins RETURN blood TO the heart
Atrial septal Defect
Abnormal opening between atria that allow blood to shunt back and forth
Name/describe the aneurysm
Saccular Aneurysm
sac-like bulb on one side
List the flow of blood through the heart
Inferior Vena cava & superior cena cava- right atrium-right atrium-tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary valve-R&L pulmonary arteries- R&L lungs- R&L pulmonary veins-Left atrium- bicuspid valve- left ventricle-left ventricle-aortic valve-aorta-systemic circulation-back the superior/inferior vena cave
List the flow of blood through the systemic circuit
heart-aorta-arterioles-capillaries-venules-veins-superior-and inferior venae cavae-heart
Pericardium
Surrounds/protects heart to layers, inner visceral (epicardium), outter parietal layer
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of arteries
Holter Monitor
Portable device for recording an ECG(EKG over an extended time period
MVP
Mitral Valve Prolapse When flaps don’t close properly and forms the prolapse
What does a vein have that an artery doesnt?
A valve
Aortic Coarctation
Congenital narrowing of the aorta
Angina Pectoris
Radiating chest pain
Angiogram
X-ray of blood vessels after injection of dye into the bloodstream
Angioplasty
Surgical repair of diseased vessel
Where is lumen located
Space inside tubular artery
Just look at the pic
Take a breather
