Nervous/Endocrine

Question 1

Relationship b/w regulation, homeostasis, and metabolism?

Answer 1

Regulation controls/coordinates Metabolism in order to maintain Homeostasis

Question 2

Similarity b/w nervous and endocrine?

Answer 2

Maintains homeostasis and secretes chemicals (nerves secrete Neurotransmitters while endocrine glands secrete hormones)

Question 3

Differences b/w nervous and endocrine?

Answer 3

Nervous response are rapid, endo response takes long time.

Nerves transmit impulses carried by neurons, hormones carried by plasma

Question 4

Cyton

Answer 4

Cell body of neuron which contains nucleus and organelles

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

Short, highly branched fiber receptors that receive impulses

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

Long, thin fiber that carries impulses away from cell body

Question 7

Myelin sheath

Answer 7

Fatty later that surrounds axon and allows impulses to be sent quickly (insulator)

Question 8

Terminal branches

Answer 8

Send impulses to next neuron (terminal and dendrite don’t TOUCH)

Question 9

Synapses

Answer 9

Gaps between neurons

Question 10

Neurotransmitters

Answer 10

Signals released and sent from one neuron to another (specific shape!)

Question 11

Sensory neurons

Answer 11

Carry impulses IN from receptors (SENSES) to spinal cord and brain

Question 12

Interneurons

Answer 12

(Inter=between) relays impulses from one neuron to another in brain/spinal cord

Question 13

Motor neuron

Answer 13

Carry impulses OUT from brain/spinal cord to effectors (muscles or glands)

Question 14

Nerves

Answer 14

Bundle of neurons

Question 15

Normal pathway response?

Answer 15

Stimulus>receptor (sense organ)>sensory neuron>CNS (Interneurons)>motor neuron>effector (muscle or gland)

Question 16

Reflex arc

Answer 16

Stimulus>receptor>sensory neuron>Interneuron (Spinal cord ONLY, no brainer!)>motor neuron>effector (muscle/gland)

Question 17

Cerebrum

Answer 17

Complex thinking

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

Coordination of VOLUNTARY activities/BALANCE AND CONTROL

Question 19

Medulla

Answer 19

INVOLUNTARY (automotive) activities like breathing/heartbeat, top of spinal cord

Question 20

Spinal cord

Answer 20

Regulates REFLEXES, carries nerve impulses b/w various parts of body/brain

Question 21

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 21

All parts of body

Question 22

Somatic nervous system

Answer 22

Controls VOLUNTARY muscles an receives stimuli from sense organs/ transmits them to CNS

Question 23

Automatic nervous system

Answer 23

Controls INVOLUNTARY heart muscles, glands, smooth muscles of digestive organs

Question 24

Endocrine gland

Answer 24

Ductless glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream

Question 25

Gonads

Answer 25

Sex organs (testes/ovaries)

Question 26

Hormones

Answer 26

Chemical produced in one part of an organ and transported to another part

Question 27

Feedback Mechanism

Answer 27

Change in one quantity causes a change in the second quantity which then causes a change in the first

Question 28

Hypothalamus

Answer 28

Portion of the brain that connects the endocrine and nervous system and controls pituitary glands

Question 29

Neuron

Answer 29

Receive, conduct, and send impulses (electrical and chemical messages)

Question 30

pituitary gland

Answer 30

produce more thyroxin, egg development, long bone development. releases TSH FSH GH targets other glands.

Question 31

thyroid

Answer 31

controls rate of metabolism, physical and mental development releases thyroxin and targets all tissues

Question 32

parathyroid

Answer 32

regulates metabolism of calcium and phosphates. releases parathormone. targets bones

Question 33

adrenal

Answer 33

controls heart rate, blood sugar level and blood clotting rate. releases adrenaline (epinephrine) targets heart, pancreas and brain

Question 34

Islets of Langerhand

Answer 34

in pancreas. blood sugar regulation. Releases glucagon and insulin targets all tissues

Question 35

Ovaries

Answer 35

secondary female characteristics. releases estrogen. targets reproductive tissues

Question 36

testes

Answer 36

secondary male characteristics. Releases testosterone. targets reproductive tissues

Question 37

diabetes

Answer 37

improper insulin production. can't regulate blood sugar.

Question 38

goiter

Answer 38

enlargement of thyroid due to insufficient iodine intake

Question 39

dwarfism

Answer 39

can be caused by the pituitary gland not producing enough growth hormone

Question 40

hormones are released by _______ and travel through the _________ to reach _______.

Answer 40

1) gland 2) circulatory tissues 3) target tissues

Question 41

receptor molecules

Answer 41

protein molecules in the cell membrane that can receive chemical messages from other cells (SPECIFIC) ex) neurotransmitters and neurons/ hormones in blood and target tissue

Question 42

feedback

Answer 42

change in "A" --> change in "B" --> change in "A"

Question 43

negative feedback

Answer 43

helps to maintain homeostasis ad keeps conditions normal | e.g. body temp regulations, blood sugar regulations, menstrual cycle

Question 44

insulin

Answer 44

lowers blood sugar

Question 45

glucagon

Answer 45

increases blood sugar

Question 46

blood sugar

Answer 46

spikes and sinks during the day

Question 47

both the endocrine and nervous systems

Answer 47

regulate through chemicals

Question 48

the nervous system

Answer 48

releases neurotransmitters nerve responses are fast and short transmits impulses via neurons

Question 49

the endocrine system

Answer 49

releases hormones responds are slow and last carried by plasma