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Biology > Nervous/Endocrine > Flashcards

Nervous/Endocrine Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Relationship b/w regulation, homeostasis, and metabolism?

A

Regulation controls/coordinates Metabolism in order to maintain Homeostasis

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2
Q

Similarity b/w nervous and endocrine?

A

Maintains homeostasis and secretes chemicals (nerves secrete Neurotransmitters while endocrine glands secrete hormones)

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3
Q

Differences b/w nervous and endocrine?

A

Nervous response are rapid, endo response takes long time.

Nerves transmit impulses carried by neurons, hormones carried by plasma

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4
Q

Cyton

A

Cell body of neuron which contains nucleus and organelles

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5
Q

Dendrites

A

Short, highly branched fiber receptors that receive impulses

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6
Q

Axon

A

Long, thin fiber that carries impulses away from cell body

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7
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fatty later that surrounds axon and allows impulses to be sent quickly (insulator)

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8
Q

Terminal branches

A

Send impulses to next neuron (terminal and dendrite don’t TOUCH)

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9
Q

Synapses

A

Gaps between neurons

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Signals released and sent from one neuron to another (specific shape!)

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11
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry impulses IN from receptors (SENSES) to spinal cord and brain

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12
Q

Interneurons

A

(Inter=between) relays impulses from one neuron to another in brain/spinal cord

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13
Q

Motor neuron

A

Carry impulses OUT from brain/spinal cord to effectors (muscles or glands)

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14
Q

Nerves

A

Bundle of neurons

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15
Q

Normal pathway response?

A

Stimulus>receptor (sense organ)>sensory neuron>CNS (Interneurons)>motor neuron>effector (muscle or gland)

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16
Q

Reflex arc

A

Stimulus>receptor>sensory neuron>Interneuron (Spinal cord ONLY, no brainer!)>motor neuron>effector (muscle/gland)

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17
Q

Cerebrum

A

Complex thinking

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18
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination of VOLUNTARY activities/BALANCE AND CONTROL

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19
Q

Medulla

A

INVOLUNTARY (automotive) activities like breathing/heartbeat, top of spinal cord

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20
Q

Spinal cord

A

Regulates REFLEXES, carries nerve impulses b/w various parts of body/brain

21
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

All parts of body

22
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Controls VOLUNTARY muscles an receives stimuli from sense organs/ transmits them to CNS

23
Q

Automatic nervous system

A

Controls INVOLUNTARY heart muscles, glands, smooth muscles of digestive organs

24
Q

Endocrine gland

A

Ductless glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream

25
Q

Gonads

A

Sex organs (testes/ovaries)

26
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical produced in one part of an organ and transported to another part

27
Q

Feedback Mechanism

A

Change in one quantity causes a change in the second quantity which then causes a change in the first

28
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Portion of the brain that connects the endocrine and nervous system and controls pituitary glands

29
Q

Neuron

A

Receive, conduct, and send impulses (electrical and chemical messages)

30
Q

pituitary gland

A

produce more thyroxin, egg development, long bone development. releases TSH FSH GH targets other glands.

31
Q

thyroid

A

controls rate of metabolism, physical and mental development releases thyroxin and targets all tissues

32
Q

parathyroid

A

regulates metabolism of calcium and phosphates. releases parathormone. targets bones

33
Q

adrenal

A

controls heart rate, blood sugar level and blood clotting rate. releases adrenaline (epinephrine) targets heart, pancreas and brain

34
Q

Islets of Langerhand

A

in pancreas. blood sugar regulation. Releases glucagon and insulin targets all tissues

35
Q

Ovaries

A

secondary female characteristics. releases estrogen. targets reproductive tissues

36
Q

testes

A

secondary male characteristics. Releases testosterone. targets reproductive tissues

37
Q

diabetes

A

improper insulin production. can’t regulate blood sugar.

38
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of thyroid due to insufficient iodine intake

39
Q

dwarfism

A

can be caused by the pituitary gland not producing enough growth hormone

40
Q

hormones are released by _______ and travel through the _________ to reach _______.

A

1) gland
2) circulatory tissues
3) target tissues

41
Q

receptor molecules

A

protein molecules in the cell membrane that can receive chemical messages from other cells (SPECIFIC)
ex) neurotransmitters and neurons/ hormones in blood and target tissue

42
Q

feedback

A

change in “A” –> change in “B” –> change in “A”

43
Q

negative feedback

A

helps to maintain homeostasis ad keeps conditions normal

e.g. body temp regulations, blood sugar regulations, menstrual cycle

44
Q

insulin

A

lowers blood sugar

45
Q

glucagon

A

increases blood sugar

46
Q

blood sugar

A

spikes and sinks during the day

47
Q

both the endocrine and nervous systems

A

regulate through chemicals

48
Q

the nervous system

A

releases neurotransmitters
nerve responses are fast and short
transmits impulses via neurons

49
Q

the endocrine system

A

releases hormones
responds are slow and last
carried by plasma

Biology (23 decks)

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