Biochemistry

Question 0

Monomer

Answer 0

Small, simple, basic building blocks, subunits, micro molecules

Question 1

96% of living things are made of:

Answer 1

Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen (N)

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

Large, complex, macro molecules

Question 3

Carbohydrates are used for

Answer 3

Energy respiration

Question 4

Ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a Carb

Answer 4

1:2:1

Question 5

Isomer/Monosaccharide

Answer 5

Molecules that have the same CHEMICAL FORMULA but different STRUCTURAL formula creating an entirely different substance (C6 H12 O6 as fructose or glucose)

Question 6

Disaccharide

Answer 6

2 monosaccharides ex lactose (glucose+galactose)

Question 7

Enzymes

Answer 7

Make chemical reactions take place by breaking chemical bonds, protein composed of amino acids in a specific shape/sequence in active site, reusable and reversible (-ASE instead of -OSE) AKA organic catalysts or bio catalysts

Question 8

Hydrolysis

Answer 8

Breaking bonds (digestion) by adding water

Question 9

Synthesis

Answer 9

Making bonds by removing water or dehydration

Question 10

Starch

Answer 10

Polysaccharide from plants-stored energy (plant lipids/oils) glucose monomers (before entering liver and being broken down into glycogen)

Question 11

Cellulose

Answer 11

Polysaccharide from plants-supports cell wall-we cannot break it down but it helps move food though digestive track

Question 12

Glycogen

Answer 12

Polysaccharide from mammals-stored energy in liver for later use (glucose monomers after being synthesized)

Question 13

Lipid structure

Answer 13

3 fatty acids and a glycerol in an E shape

Question 14

Examples of lipids and function

Answer 14

Fats (protection/insulation/long term storage), steroids (cell membrane/sex cell hormones/estrogen and testosterone)

Question 15

Unsaturated fats have..

Answer 15

Double bonds so they need less hydrogen atoms. Saturated fats have single bonds and can lead to buildup of plaque/high blood pressure

Question 16

What are the building blocks/micromolecules of proteins?

Answer 16

Amino acids

Question 17

What are the macromolecules of proteins?

Answer 17

Polypeptides (multiple amino acids synthesized through amino+carboxyl group together to form water)

Question 18

What is the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 18

Carboxyl group (OH-c=o) Amino group (H-N-H) Side chain (20 different/AKA variative group/R-Group) and a Hydrogen (backbones)

Question 19

To find the # of amino acids in a polypeptide structure…

Answer 19

Count the number of Nitrogens (N)

Question 20

What does the structure/shape of enzymes determine and what is it determined by?

Answer 20

DNA determines structure/shape determines function

Question 21

Nucleic acid

Answer 21

DNA and RNA, composed of Nucleotides (A,T,C,G)

Question 22

Examples of proteins and function?

Answer 22

Hemoglobin (carries oxygen in blood) Insulin (

Question 23

Vitamins

Answer 23

Coenzymes to help them work properly

Question 24

Factors affecting enzyme activity/graph pattern?

Answer 24

Temperature (shrinks^optimum 37 humans v denatures) pH (denatures^optimum v denatures) Enzyme/Substrate concentration (increase^flatlines>)

Question 25

Activation energy

Answer 25

Amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction, prevents macromolecules from decomposing spontaneously

Question 26

Enzyme inhibitors

Answer 26

Competitive inhibitors compete for active site while non competitive bond to a different part and change shape of active site so it doesn’t fit (opposite of vitamins)