Asexual Reproduction Flashcards
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have in each cell?
23 pairs
How many chromosomes do humans have in each cell?
46
What is the name for chromosomes that have gene codes for a trait but have different variations of that trait?
homologous chromosomes
What are the phases a cell goes through during its life?
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
the cell cycle
sequence of growth and division in a cell
interphase
the first phase of cell division. DNA replicates itself and forms a sister chromatid for each chromosome.
mitosis
a period of nuclear cell division, two daughter cells are formed ( each contains a full set of chromosomes ) , identical to parent cells (clone)
prophase
chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope disintegrates, centrioles migrate to opposite poles, spindle fibers form between centrioles
metaphase
chromosomes become attached to spindle fibers by the centromeres, chromosomes line up in the middle
centromeres
the protein connecting the sister chromatids together
anaphase
sister chromatids separate, spindle fibers shorten and pull one of the double chromosomes to a pole
telophase
chromatids reach opposite ends of the poles, two nuclear membranes form, chromosomes unwind and loose their shape
When does a cell carry out metabolism?
interphase
cytokinesis
the cell pinches together and 2 cells are formed
What organelle do animals have that plants do not?
centrioles
In a plant cell, the cell can not go through cytokinesis because of the cell wall. What forms across the middle of a cell?
cell plate
When do our cells divide?
growth, repair, development and maintenance
asexual reproduction
also uses mitosis, new cells are identical, offspring are clones of parents, no variation unless a mutation occurs
binary fission
nuclear material and cytoplasm of a cell divide equally
ex bacteria and ameba
budding (unicellular)
cytoplasm divides unequally to create a smaller bud
ex yeast
budding (multicellular)
outgrowth from the body of a parent that develops into a completely different organism, may detach or remain attached
Equatorial plate
The middle of a animal cell
Sporulation
Specialized cells are released by parents enclosed in protective capsules develop into new individual when environment is good (dandelion)
Regeneration
Development of lost parts or growth of an entire organism from part of original organism (worm starfish)
