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Module 204 Theme 2 > Nerve and blood supply to the upper limb > Flashcards

Nerve and blood supply to the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which artery begins the blood supply to the upper limb?

A

Subclavian artery

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2
Q

Where does the right subclavian artery come from?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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3
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery come from?

A

Arch of the aorta

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4
Q

Where does the subclavian artery pass?

A

Passes through the scalene triangle over the first rib

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5
Q

Which muscle divides the subclavian artery?

A

Scalenus anterior

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6
Q

List the parts of the subclavian artery

A

1st - medial to scalenus anterior
2nd - behind scalenus anterior
3rd - lateral to scalenus anterior

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7
Q

Name some arteries which branch from the 1st part of the subclavian artery

A

Vertebral artery

Thyrocervical trunk

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8
Q

Name an artery which branches from the 2nd or 3rd part of the subclavian artery

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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9
Q

What does the dorsal scapular artery contribute to?

A

Scapular anastomosis

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10
Q

What does the thyrocervical trunk contribute to?

A

Scapular anastomosis

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11
Q

Where does the thyrocervical trunk go?

A

To thyroid, cervical and scapular

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12
Q

Where does the subclavian artery end?

A

As it crosses the border of the 1st rib

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13
Q

What does the subclavian artery become after it passes the border of the 1st rib?

A

Axillary artery

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14
Q

Which muscle divides the axillary artery into 3 parts?

A

Pectoralis minor

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15
Q

List the 3 parts of the axillary artery

A

1st - medial to pectoralis minor
2nd - Behind pectoralis minor
3rd - Lateral to pectoralis minor

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16
Q

What are the 1st and 2nd parts of the axillary artery closely associated with?

A

Brachial plexus

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17
Q

Where does the axillary artery end?

A

Lower border of teres minor

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18
Q

What does the axillary artery become?

A

Brachial artery

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19
Q

Which artery is a branch of the 3rd part of the axillary artery?

A

Subscapular artery

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20
Q

What does the subscapular artery form?

A

Scapular anastomosis

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21
Q

What is the risk of a surgical fracture to the humerus?

A

Trauma to the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral to neck/shaft of humerus

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22
Q

Where is the brachial artery located in the arm?

A

Superficial

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23
Q

What does the brachial artery supply?

A

Flexors

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24
Q

Name the large branch of the brachial artery

A

Profunda brachii artery

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25
Q

What does the brachial artery contribute to?

A

Anastomosis around the elbox

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26
Q

Where does the brachial artery divide?

A

Cubital fossa

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27
Q

What does the brachial artery split into?

A

Radial artery (lateral)

Ulnar artery (medial)

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28
Q

What does profunda brachii artery supply?

A

Extensors

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29
Q

Where is the profunda brachii artery located?

A

Spiral Groove

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30
Q

What does the profunda brachii accompany?

A

Radial nerve

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31
Q

What can fracture to the humerus cause?

A

Trauma to profunda brachii artery

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32
Q

Describe the size of the radial artery in comparison to ulnar

A

Smaller

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33
Q

Which muscle covers the radial artery?

A

Brachioradialis

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34
Q

What does the radial artery form?

A

Deep palmar arch

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35
Q

What happens to the radial artery at the wrist?

A

Winds around to dorsum of hand

Through anatomical snuffbox

Pierces first dorsal interosseous muscle

36
Q

Where is the deep palmar arch located?

A

Below flexor tendons

37
Q

Which muscle covers the ulnar artery?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

38
Q

Name the deep branch of the ulnar artery

A

Common interosseous artery

39
Q

What does the ulnar artery form?

A

Superficial palmar arch

40
Q

Where is the superficial palmar arch located?

A

Above flexor tendons

41
Q

Name the arteries surrounding each finger

A

Palmar digital arteries

42
Q

Where does venous blood drain?

A

Axillary vein and subclavian vein

43
Q

Describe the venous return in upper limb

44
Q

Describe deep veins

A

Paired veins

Venae comitantes

45
Q

Name the superficial veins

A

Cephalic (lateral forearm)

Basilic (medial forearm)

46
Q

Where are the superficial veins from?

A

Dorsal venous arch

47
Q

Where do the cephalic and basilic veins drain?

A

Axillary vein

48
Q

Describe the number of lymph nodes in the upper limb

A

Relatively few

49
Q

Where does lymph drain?

A

Axillary nodes

50
Q

Name the 3 nodes in the upper limb

A

Deltopectoral node

Axillary nodes

Cubital nodes

51
Q

Which vein is located by the deltopectoral node?

A

Cephalic vein

52
Q

Which vein is located by the cubital node?

A

Basilic vein

53
Q

What is the brachial plexus?

A

Nerve supply to upper limb

54
Q

What does the brachial plexus carry?

A

Motor, sensory and sympathetic axons

55
Q

What does the brachial plexus produce?

A

Mixed nerves (contains axons from multiple spinal nerves)

56
Q

What is the brachial plexus divided into?

A

Roots

Trunks

Division

Cords

Terminal branches

57
Q

What are roots?

A

Roots are ventral primary rami of C5-T1

58
Q

What does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?

A

Rhomboids

Levator scapulae

59
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve supply?

A

To serratus anterior

60
Q

Describe the motor innervation of the upper limb?

A

Motor axons within each root innervate a different functional group of muscles (myotomes)

61
Q

What does C5 do?

A

Shoulder abduction and adduction

62
Q

What does C6/C7 do?

A

Elbow flexion/extension

63
Q

What does C7/C8 do?

A

Wrist flexion/extension

64
Q

What does C8/T1 do?

A

Movement of digits

65
Q

What do roots form?

66
Q

Where do trunks pass?

A

Through the scalene triangle

67
Q

What does each trunk divide into?

A

Anterior and posterior division

68
Q

Describe the anterior division

A

Axons to flexor compartments

69
Q

What does the anterior division form?

A

Lateral and medial cords

70
Q

What does the posterior division form?

A

Posterior cord

71
Q

Describe the posterior division

A

Axons to extensor compartments

72
Q

Where are the cords located?

A

Under pectoralis minor

73
Q

What are the cords related to?

A

Axillary artery

74
Q

Name the 3 divisions of cord in relation to axillary artery

A

Lateral
Posterior
Medial

75
Q

What does the lateral cord terminate as?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

Lateral part of median nerve

76
Q

What is the motor and sensory function of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

Motor - Anterior arm

Sensory - Lateral forearm

77
Q

What does the medial cord terminate as?

A

Medial part of median nerve

Ulnar nerve

78
Q

What is the motor and sensory function of the median nerve

A

Motor - anterior forearm and lateral hand

Sensory - Lateral palm of the hand, d123 and half 4

79
Q

What is the motor and sensory function of the ulnar nerve?

A

Motor - medial side anterior forearm and hand

Sensory - medial hand and half d4 and d5

80
Q

What does the posterior cord terminate as?

A

Radial nerve

Axillary nerve

81
Q

What is the motor and sensory function of the radial nerve?

A

Motor - posterior arm and posterior forearm

Sensory - Posterior arm and posterior forearm and lateral dorsum hand

82
Q

What is the motor and sensory function of the axillary nerve?

A

Motor - deltoid muscle and teres minor

Sensory - Badge area of arm

83
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An individual area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

84
Q

When are dermatomes established?

A

During development

85
Q

What is the clinical significance of dermatomes?

A

Altered sensation in the region of a dermatome indicates damage to specific spinal nerve of spinal cord segment (i.e. proximal nerve injury)

86
Q

What do terminal branches contain?

A

axons from multiple spinal nerve

87
Q

List the borders of the scalene triangle

A

Scalenus anterior
Scalenus medius
First rib

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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