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Module 204 Theme 2 > Knee and leg dissection > Flashcards

Knee and leg dissection Flashcards

1
Q

What movement does the femur do when extended?

A

Medial rotation

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2
Q

Where does rectus femoris originate?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

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3
Q

Where does rectus femoris insert?

A

Quadriceps tendon

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4
Q

Where do the 3 vasti muscles originate?

A

Femur

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5
Q

Where do the 3 vasti muscles insert?

A

Quadriceps tendon

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6
Q

What is the function of the oblique fibres of vastus medialis?

A

Prevents lateral tracking of the patella during locomotion

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7
Q

In which tendon is the patella located?

A

Quadriceps

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8
Q

Where does the patella ligament insert?

A

Tibial tuberosity

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9
Q

Where is the infrapatellar fat pad located?

A

Directly below the patella ligament

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10
Q

Name the extracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

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11
Q

Describe the shape of the lateral/fibular collateral ligament

A

Cord like

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12
Q

Where does the lateral/fibular collateral ligament extend?

A

From lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula

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13
Q

What covers the lateral/fibular collateral ligament?

A

Tendon of biceps femoris

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14
Q

Describe how the lateral/fibular collateral ligament is associated with the lateral meniscus

A

Not attached - there is a gap

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15
Q

What passes through the gap between the lateral meniscus and the lateral/collateral ligament?

A

Popliteus muscle

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16
Q

Give the origin of popliteus

A

Lateral condyle of the femur

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17
Q

Give the insertion of popliteus

A

Posterior tibia

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18
Q

Describe the structure of the tibial/medial collateral ligament

A

Broad ligament

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19
Q

Where does the tibial/medial collateral ligament extend?

A

From the medial condyle of the femur to the medial surface of the tibia

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20
Q

What is the tibial/medial collateral ligament attached to?

A

Blends with the capsule of the knee joint and is attached to the medial meniscus

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21
Q

Name the intracapsular ligaments

A

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

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22
Q

What is the anterior cruciate ligament attached to?

A

Anterior of the tibial plateau and passes to the inner aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur

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23
Q

What is the posterior cruciate ligament attached to?

A

Posterior of the tibial plateau and passes to the medial condyle of the femur

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24
Q

How do the menisci attach?

A

By their horns

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25
Q

What is the medial meniscus attached to?

A

Medial collateral ligament

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26
Q

Which meniscus is the most mobile?

A

Lateral meniscus

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27
Q

Which meniscus is more circular?

A

Lateral meniscus

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28
Q

List the tarsal bones

A 
Calcaneus 
Talus
Navicular 
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
Cuboid
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29
Q

What is the ankle joint?

A

An articulation between the fibula, tibia and talus

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30
Q

What is the subtalar joint?

A

An articulation between the talus and calcaneus

31
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor retinaculum

32
Q

Where do the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg originate?

A

Tibia or fibula and interosseous membrane

33
Q

Where does tibialis anterior insert?

A

Medial cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal

34
Q

Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of the great toe

35
Q

Where does extensor digitorum longus insert?

A

Middle and distal phalanx of d2-5

36
Q

Where does the extensor retinaculum extend?

A

Between malleoli and from the medial malleolus to calcaneus and plantar fascia

37
Q

Name the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

38
Q

Where do fibularis longus and brevis originate?

A

Fibular

39
Q

Where does fibularis longus lie in relation to fibularis brevis?

A

Longus lies above brevis

40
Q

Where does the tendon of fibularis longus extend?

A

Passes behind the lateral malleolus of the fibula and carries on obliquely across the sole of the foot to insert on the medial cuneiform bone and the 1st metatarsal

41
Q

Where does the tendon of fibularis brevis insert?

A

Passes behind the lateral malleolus to insert on the 5th metatarsal bone

42
Q

Where does the fibular retinaculum extend?

A

Between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus

43
Q

What is the common fibular (peronal) nerve a branch of?

A

Terminal branch of the sciatic nerve

44
Q

What does the common fibular nerve divide into?

A

Superficial and deep fibular nerves

45
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve divide?

A

Under proximal part of fibularis longus

46
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve supply?

A

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

47
Q

Which artery is lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon in the foot?

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

48
Q

What does the superficial fibular nerve supply?

A

Lateral compartment of the leg

49
Q

What groups can the muscles of the posterior leg be divided into?

A

Deep and superficial

50
Q

List the muscles of the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

51
Q

How many heads does gastrocnemius have?

A

2

52
Q

What do the heads of gastrocnemius form?

A

The inferior borders of the popliteal fossa

53
Q

Give the origin of the 2 heads of gastrocnemius

A

Each of the condyles of the femur

54
Q

What do the muscle bellies of gastrocnemius form?

A

Tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon)

55
Q

Where does tendo calcaneus insert?

A

Calcaneus

56
Q

Give the origin of soleus

A

Fibula and tibia

57
Q

Give the origin of plantaris

A

Femur

58
Q

List the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior

59
Q

Give the origin of flexor hallucis longus

A

Fibula

60
Q

Where does flexor hallucis longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of the great toe

61
Q

Give the origin of flexor digitorum longus

A

Tibia

62
Q

Where do the tendons of flexor digitorum longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of toes 2-5

63
Q

Give the origin of tibialis posterior muscle

A

Tibia and fibula

64
Q

Where does tibialis posterior insert?

A

Navicular and medial cuneiform bone

65
Q

What forms the roof of the tarsal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

66
Q

Where does flexor retinaculum extend?

A

From medial malleolus to calcaneus

67
Q

List the contents of the tarsal tunnel

A 
Tibialis posterior 
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery 
Tibial nerve  
Flexor hallucis longus
68
Q

What does the tibial nerve supply?

A

Both the superficial and deep muscles of the leg

69
Q

What does the tibial nerve divide into in the foot?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

70
Q

Name a branch of the tibial nerve

A

Sural nerve

71
Q

Give the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Posterior tibial artery

72
Q

Where is the great saphenous vein?

A

From medial side of the foot, ascends the medial border of the leg and thigh to pierce the femoral sheath via the saphenous opening draining into the femoral vein

73
Q

Where is the short saphenous vein?

A

From lateral side of the foot, ascends to posterior side of leg and pierces the deep fascia to drain into the popliteal vein of the popliteal fossa

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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