Knee and leg dissection Flashcards
What movement does the femur do when extended?
Medial rotation
Where does rectus femoris originate?
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Where does rectus femoris insert?
Quadriceps tendon
Where do the 3 vasti muscles originate?
Femur
Where do the 3 vasti muscles insert?
Quadriceps tendon
What is the function of the oblique fibres of vastus medialis?
Prevents lateral tracking of the patella during locomotion
In which tendon is the patella located?
Quadriceps
Where does the patella ligament insert?
Tibial tuberosity
Where is the infrapatellar fat pad located?
Directly below the patella ligament
Name the extracapsular ligaments of the knee
Medial and lateral collateral ligaments
Describe the shape of the lateral/fibular collateral ligament
Cord like
Where does the lateral/fibular collateral ligament extend?
From lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula
What covers the lateral/fibular collateral ligament?
Tendon of biceps femoris
Describe how the lateral/fibular collateral ligament is associated with the lateral meniscus
Not attached - there is a gap
What passes through the gap between the lateral meniscus and the lateral/collateral ligament?
Popliteus muscle
Give the origin of popliteus
Lateral condyle of the femur
Give the insertion of popliteus
Posterior tibia
Describe the structure of the tibial/medial collateral ligament
Broad ligament
Where does the tibial/medial collateral ligament extend?
From the medial condyle of the femur to the medial surface of the tibia
What is the tibial/medial collateral ligament attached to?
Blends with the capsule of the knee joint and is attached to the medial meniscus
Name the intracapsular ligaments
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
What is the anterior cruciate ligament attached to?
Anterior of the tibial plateau and passes to the inner aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur
What is the posterior cruciate ligament attached to?
Posterior of the tibial plateau and passes to the medial condyle of the femur
How do the menisci attach?
By their horns
What is the medial meniscus attached to?
Medial collateral ligament
Which meniscus is the most mobile?
Lateral meniscus
Which meniscus is more circular?
Lateral meniscus
List the tarsal bones
Calcaneus Talus Navicular Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuboid
What is the ankle joint?
An articulation between the fibula, tibia and talus
What is the subtalar joint?
An articulation between the talus and calcaneus
Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor retinaculum
Where do the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg originate?
Tibia or fibula and interosseous membrane
Where does tibialis anterior insert?
Medial cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal
Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?
Distal phalanx of the great toe
Where does extensor digitorum longus insert?
Middle and distal phalanx of d2-5
Where does the extensor retinaculum extend?
Between malleoli and from the medial malleolus to calcaneus and plantar fascia
Name the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Where do fibularis longus and brevis originate?
Fibular
Where does fibularis longus lie in relation to fibularis brevis?
Longus lies above brevis
Where does the tendon of fibularis longus extend?
Passes behind the lateral malleolus of the fibula and carries on obliquely across the sole of the foot to insert on the medial cuneiform bone and the 1st metatarsal
Where does the tendon of fibularis brevis insert?
Passes behind the lateral malleolus to insert on the 5th metatarsal bone
Where does the fibular retinaculum extend?
Between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus
What is the common fibular (peronal) nerve a branch of?
Terminal branch of the sciatic nerve
What does the common fibular nerve divide into?
Superficial and deep fibular nerves
Where does the common fibular nerve divide?
Under proximal part of fibularis longus
What does the deep fibular nerve supply?
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
Which artery is lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon in the foot?
Dorsalis pedis artery
What does the superficial fibular nerve supply?
Lateral compartment of the leg
What groups can the muscles of the posterior leg be divided into?
Deep and superficial
List the muscles of the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
How many heads does gastrocnemius have?
2
What do the heads of gastrocnemius form?
The inferior borders of the popliteal fossa
Give the origin of the 2 heads of gastrocnemius
Each of the condyles of the femur
What do the muscle bellies of gastrocnemius form?
Tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
Where does tendo calcaneus insert?
Calcaneus
Give the origin of soleus
Fibula and tibia
Give the origin of plantaris
Femur
List the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Give the origin of flexor hallucis longus
Fibula
Where does flexor hallucis longus insert?
Distal phalanx of the great toe
Give the origin of flexor digitorum longus
Tibia
Where do the tendons of flexor digitorum longus insert?
Distal phalanx of toes 2-5
Give the origin of tibialis posterior muscle
Tibia and fibula
Where does tibialis posterior insert?
Navicular and medial cuneiform bone
What forms the roof of the tarsal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum
Where does flexor retinaculum extend?
From medial malleolus to calcaneus
List the contents of the tarsal tunnel
Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus
What does the tibial nerve supply?
Both the superficial and deep muscles of the leg
What does the tibial nerve divide into in the foot?
Medial and lateral plantar nerves
Name a branch of the tibial nerve
Sural nerve
Give the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the leg
Posterior tibial artery
Where is the great saphenous vein?
From medial side of the foot, ascends the medial border of the leg and thigh to pierce the femoral sheath via the saphenous opening draining into the femoral vein
Where is the short saphenous vein?
From lateral side of the foot, ascends to posterior side of leg and pierces the deep fascia to drain into the popliteal vein of the popliteal fossa
