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Module 204 Theme 2 > Gluteal region and thigh dissection > Flashcards

Gluteal region and thigh dissection Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

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2
Q

Name a short lateral rotator found in the pelvis

A

Piriformis

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3
Q

Which is the most superficial of the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus

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4
Q

State the origin of gluteus maximus

A

Ilium and sacrum

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5
Q

State the insertion of gluteus maximus

A

Gluteal tuberosity on the posterior surface of the femur

Iliotibial tract

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6
Q

Describe the iliotibial tract

A

Thick fibrous band running down the lateral side of the thigh to the knee

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7
Q

Which muscles lie deep to gluteus maximus?

A

Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus

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8
Q

Where do gluteus minimus and medius originate?

A

Ilium

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9
Q

Where do gluteus minimus and medius insert?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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10
Q

Give the origin of piriformis muscle

A

Sacrum

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11
Q

State the insertion of piriformis muscle

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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12
Q

State the action of piriformis

A

Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip

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13
Q

Why is piriformis an important landmark?

A

Sciatic nerve can be seen passing below it

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14
Q

What can be observed as well as the sciatic nerve below piriformis?

A

A series of short rotator muscles

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15
Q

Which nerves supply the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteal nerves

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16
Q

State the travel of the inferior gluteal nerve

A

Passes out of the pelvis with the inferior gluteal vessels below piriformis muscle to innervate gluteus maximus

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17
Q

State the travel of the superior gluteal nerve

A

Passes out of the pelvis with the superior gluteal vessels above piriformis to innervate the gluteus medius and minimus muscles

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18
Q

What is the most prominent nerve in the gluteal region?

A

Sciatic nerve

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19
Q

Describe the travel of the sciatic nerve

A

Enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen under the inferior border of piriformis in the posterior thigh

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20
Q

What is the greater sciatic foramen bordered by?

A

Greater sciatic notch
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament

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21
Q

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

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22
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment commonly known as?

A

Hamstrings

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23
Q

Where do the hamstrings originate?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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24
Q

Where does the long head of biceps femoris originate?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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25
Where does the short head of biceps femoris originate?
Shaft of the femur
26
Where does biceps femoris insert?
Head of the fibula
27
On what side of the posterior of the leg is the biceps femoris?
Lateral
28
On which side of the posterior of the leg are semimembranosus and semitendinosus?
Medial
29
What does semitendinosus end in?
Long tendon that passes over semimembranosus
30
Where do both semitendinosus and semimembranosus insert?
Tibia
31
Which nerve supplies the hamstrings?
Tibial component of the sciatic nerve
32
Where does the sciatic nerve pass?
Through the posterior compartment of the thigh
33
Where is the popliteal fossa located?
Back of the knee
34
What is the shape of the popliteal fossa?
Diamond
35
What are the superior boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus (medially) Biceps femoris (Laterally)
36
What are the inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Two heads of gastrocnemius
37
What happens to the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa?
Divides into tibial and common fibular
38
Where does the common fibular nerve lie in the popliteal fossa?
Medial to tendon of biceps femoris
39
What happens to the common fibular nerve when it reaches the lateral aspect of the fossa?
Curves forwards around the neck of the fibula
40
What are the popliteal vessels a continuation of?
The femoral vessels
41
What does the short saphenous vein drain?
Lateral side of the foot
42
What does the short saphenous vein merge with in the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal vein
43
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Ball and socket
44
What is the hip joint between?
Head of femur | Acetabulum
45
What are the movements of the thigh at the hip?
``` extension flexion abduction adduction lateral (external) rotation medial (internal) rotation ```
46
What is the primary function of the hip joint
Weight bearing
47
Name the two groups of ligaments which stabilise the hip joint
Intracapsular | Extracapsular
48
Name the extracapsular ligaments of the hip
Iliofemoral Pubofemoral Ischiofemoral
49
Where are the extracapsular ligaments of the hip located
Anterior, inferior and posterior | Attach on the neck of the femur
50
What does the fascia lata form?
Sleeve around each muscle compartment
51
Where does the fascia lata extend?
From iliac crests and is continuous with the deep fascia of the leg
52
What thickens the fascia lata laterally?
Iliotibial tract
53
Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh
Quadriceps femoris Sartorius Tensor fascia lata
54
Give the origin of the tensor fascia lata muscle
Anterior superior iliac spine
55
Give the insertion of the tensor fascia lata muscle
Iliotibial tract
56
What is the function of the tensor fascia lata muscle?
Tightens iliotibial tract Helps stabilize the knee when standing
57
What is the most superficial muscle on the anterior of the thigh?
Sartorius
58
Give the origin of sartorius
Anterior superior iliac spine
59
Where does sartorius sweep?
From lateral to medial across the thigh
60
Where does sartorius insert?
Tibia
61
Name the longest muscle in the body
Sartorius
62
Name the 4 parts which form quadriceps femoris muscle
Rectus femoris Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis
63
Which muscle is the most superficial of quadriceps femoris?
Rectus femoris
64
Give the origin of rectus femoris
Anterior inferior iliac spine from above the acetabulum
65
What does rectus femoris form distally?
Quadriceps tendon
66
Give the origin of the 3 vasti muscles
Femur
67
Which tendon do the 3 vasti contribute to?
Quadriceps
68
Where is vastus intermedius located?
Directly below rectus femoris
69
Which muscles lie either side of rectus femoris?
Vastus medialis | Vastus lateralis
70
What is the quadriceps tendon attached to?
The superior border and sides of the patella
71
Name the largest sesamoid bone of the body
Patella
72
Describe the shape of the patella and the articulation it forms as a result
Concave posterior surface | Underlying femur articulation
73
Where do the oblique fibres of vastus medialis sit?
Horizontal
74
Where do the oblique fibres of vastus medialis insert?
Medial side of the patella
75
What ligament forms at the lower border of the patella?
Patella ligament
76
Where does the patella ligament insert?
Tibial tuberosity
77
Which two muscles form iliopsoas?
Iliacus | Psoas major
78
Where does iliacus originate?
Iliac fossa
79
Where does psoas major originate?
Lumbar vertebrae
80
Where does iliopsoas insert?
Lesser trochanter of the femur
81
What is the anterior compartment and skin on the thigh supplied by?
Femoral nerve
82
Where does the femoral nerve enter the anterior compartment?
Below the inguinal ligament into the femoral triangle
83
What muscles do the branches of the femoral nerve supply?
Sartorius Quadriceps Pectineus
84
Name a purely sensory nerve that the femoral nerve gives off as a branch
Saphenous nerve
85
List the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh
``` Pectineus Gracilis Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus ```
86
Where does pectineus originate?
Pubis
87
Where does pectineus insert?
Femur below lesser trochanter
88
Give the origin of adductor longus
Pubis
89
Where does adductor longus insert?
Linea aspera of the femur
90
Where does adductor brevis originate?
Pubis
91
Where does adductor brevis insert?
Linea aspera of the femur
92
Name the two portions of the adductor magnus muscle
Adductor part | Hamstrings part
93
Give the origin of the adductor part
Ischiopubic ramus
94
Give the insertion of the adductor part
Whole length of linea aspera
95
Give the origin of the hamstrings part
Ischial tuberosity
96
Give the insertion of the hamstrings part
Adductor tubercle of the femur
97
What does the tendon of the hamstring part form?
Adductor hiatus
98
What passes through the adductor hiatus?
Femoral artery and vein to reach the popliteal fossa
99
Give the origin of gracilis
Pubis
100
Give the insertion of gracilis
Tibia
101
What nerve supplies the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
102
Which muscles doesnt the obturator nerve supply in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Pectineus | Hamstring part of adductor magnus
103
Which nerve supplies the skin on the medial aspect of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
104
Where does the obturator nerve pass out of the pelvis?
Obturator canal
105
What is the obturator canal?
Small opening in the obturator membrane
106
Where is the femoral triangle located?
Superior part of the anterior of the thigh
107
Give the borders of the femoral triangle
Superior - inguinal ligament Medial - medial border of adductor longus Lateral - sartorius
108
Which muscles form the floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas Pectineus Adductor longus
109
What does the femoral triangle contain?
Femoral nerve Femoral artery Femoral vein Femoral canal
110
What is found in the femoral canal?
Lymphatics
111
What surrounds the femoral artery, vein and canal?
Femoral sheath
112
Where does the femoral nerve lie?
Lateral outside of the femoral sheath
113
Give the walls of the canal the femoral vessels pass through
Roof - sartorius Lateral wall - Vastus medius Floor - adductor longus
114
How do the vessels in the thigh gain access to the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Pass through the adductor hiatus

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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