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Module 204 Theme 2 > Gluteal region and thigh dissection > Flashcards

Gluteal region and thigh dissection Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

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2
Q

Name a short lateral rotator found in the pelvis

A

Piriformis

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3
Q

Which is the most superficial of the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus

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4
Q

State the origin of gluteus maximus

A

Ilium and sacrum

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5
Q

State the insertion of gluteus maximus

A

Gluteal tuberosity on the posterior surface of the femur

Iliotibial tract

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6
Q

Describe the iliotibial tract

A

Thick fibrous band running down the lateral side of the thigh to the knee

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7
Q

Which muscles lie deep to gluteus maximus?

A

Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus

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8
Q

Where do gluteus minimus and medius originate?

A

Ilium

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9
Q

Where do gluteus minimus and medius insert?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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10
Q

Give the origin of piriformis muscle

A

Sacrum

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11
Q

State the insertion of piriformis muscle

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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12
Q

State the action of piriformis

A

Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip

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13
Q

Why is piriformis an important landmark?

A

Sciatic nerve can be seen passing below it

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14
Q

What can be observed as well as the sciatic nerve below piriformis?

A

A series of short rotator muscles

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15
Q

Which nerves supply the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteal nerves

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16
Q

State the travel of the inferior gluteal nerve

A

Passes out of the pelvis with the inferior gluteal vessels below piriformis muscle to innervate gluteus maximus

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17
Q

State the travel of the superior gluteal nerve

A

Passes out of the pelvis with the superior gluteal vessels above piriformis to innervate the gluteus medius and minimus muscles

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18
Q

What is the most prominent nerve in the gluteal region?

A

Sciatic nerve

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19
Q

Describe the travel of the sciatic nerve

A

Enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen under the inferior border of piriformis in the posterior thigh

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20
Q

What is the greater sciatic foramen bordered by?

A

Greater sciatic notch
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament

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21
Q

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

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22
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment commonly known as?

A

Hamstrings

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23
Q

Where do the hamstrings originate?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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24
Q

Where does the long head of biceps femoris originate?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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25
Q

Where does the short head of biceps femoris originate?

A

Shaft of the femur

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26
Q

Where does biceps femoris insert?

A

Head of the fibula

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27
Q

On what side of the posterior of the leg is the biceps femoris?

A

Lateral

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28
Q

On which side of the posterior of the leg are semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

A

Medial

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29
Q

What does semitendinosus end in?

A

Long tendon that passes over semimembranosus

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30
Q

Where do both semitendinosus and semimembranosus insert?

A

Tibia

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31
Q

Which nerve supplies the hamstrings?

A

Tibial component of the sciatic nerve

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32
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve pass?

A

Through the posterior compartment of the thigh

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33
Q

Where is the popliteal fossa located?

A

Back of the knee

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34
Q

What is the shape of the popliteal fossa?

A

Diamond

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35
Q

What are the superior boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus (medially)
Biceps femoris (Laterally)

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36
Q

What are the inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Two heads of gastrocnemius

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37
Q

What happens to the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa?

A

Divides into tibial and common fibular

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38
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve lie in the popliteal fossa?

A

Medial to tendon of biceps femoris

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39
Q

What happens to the common fibular nerve when it reaches the lateral aspect of the fossa?

A

Curves forwards around the neck of the fibula

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40
Q

What are the popliteal vessels a continuation of?

A

The femoral vessels

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41
Q

What does the short saphenous vein drain?

A

Lateral side of the foot

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42
Q

What does the short saphenous vein merge with in the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal vein

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43
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket

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44
Q

What is the hip joint between?

A

Head of femur

Acetabulum

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45
Q

What are the movements of the thigh at the hip?

A 
extension
flexion
abduction
adduction
lateral (external) rotation 
medial (internal) rotation
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46
Q

What is the primary function of the hip joint

A

Weight bearing

47
Q

Name the two groups of ligaments which stabilise the hip joint

A

Intracapsular

Extracapsular

48
Q

Name the extracapsular ligaments of the hip

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

49
Q

Where are the extracapsular ligaments of the hip located

A

Anterior, inferior and posterior

Attach on the neck of the femur

50
Q

What does the fascia lata form?

A

Sleeve around each muscle compartment

51
Q

Where does the fascia lata extend?

A

From iliac crests and is continuous with the deep fascia of the leg

52
Q

What thickens the fascia lata laterally?

A

Iliotibial tract

53
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
Tensor fascia lata

54
Q

Give the origin of the tensor fascia lata muscle

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

55
Q

Give the insertion of the tensor fascia lata muscle

A

Iliotibial tract

56
Q

What is the function of the tensor fascia lata muscle?

A

Tightens iliotibial tract

Helps stabilize the knee when standing

57
Q

What is the most superficial muscle on the anterior of the thigh?

58
Q

Give the origin of sartorius

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

59
Q

Where does sartorius sweep?

A

From lateral to medial across the thigh

60
Q

Where does sartorius insert?

61
Q

Name the longest muscle in the body

62
Q

Name the 4 parts which form quadriceps femoris muscle

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis

63
Q

Which muscle is the most superficial of quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris

64
Q

Give the origin of rectus femoris

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine from above the acetabulum

65
Q

What does rectus femoris form distally?

A

Quadriceps tendon

66
Q

Give the origin of the 3 vasti muscles

67
Q

Which tendon do the 3 vasti contribute to?

A

Quadriceps

68
Q

Where is vastus intermedius located?

A

Directly below rectus femoris

69
Q

Which muscles lie either side of rectus femoris?

A

Vastus medialis

Vastus lateralis

70
Q

What is the quadriceps tendon attached to?

A

The superior border and sides of the patella

71
Q

Name the largest sesamoid bone of the body

72
Q

Describe the shape of the patella and the articulation it forms as a result

A

Concave posterior surface

Underlying femur articulation

73
Q

Where do the oblique fibres of vastus medialis sit?

A

Horizontal

74
Q

Where do the oblique fibres of vastus medialis insert?

A

Medial side of the patella

75
Q

What ligament forms at the lower border of the patella?

A

Patella ligament

76
Q

Where does the patella ligament insert?

A

Tibial tuberosity

77
Q

Which two muscles form iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus

Psoas major

78
Q

Where does iliacus originate?

A

Iliac fossa

79
Q

Where does psoas major originate?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

80
Q

Where does iliopsoas insert?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

81
Q

What is the anterior compartment and skin on the thigh supplied by?

A

Femoral nerve

82
Q

Where does the femoral nerve enter the anterior compartment?

A

Below the inguinal ligament into the femoral triangle

83
Q

What muscles do the branches of the femoral nerve supply?

A

Sartorius
Quadriceps
Pectineus

84
Q

Name a purely sensory nerve that the femoral nerve gives off as a branch

A

Saphenous nerve

85
Q

List the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A 
Pectineus 
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
86
Q

Where does pectineus originate?

87
Q

Where does pectineus insert?

A

Femur below lesser trochanter

88
Q

Give the origin of adductor longus

89
Q

Where does adductor longus insert?

A

Linea aspera of the femur

90
Q

Where does adductor brevis originate?

91
Q

Where does adductor brevis insert?

A

Linea aspera of the femur

92
Q

Name the two portions of the adductor magnus muscle

A

Adductor part

Hamstrings part

93
Q

Give the origin of the adductor part

A

Ischiopubic ramus

94
Q

Give the insertion of the adductor part

A

Whole length of linea aspera

95
Q

Give the origin of the hamstrings part

A

Ischial tuberosity

96
Q

Give the insertion of the hamstrings part

A

Adductor tubercle of the femur

97
Q

What does the tendon of the hamstring part form?

A

Adductor hiatus

98
Q

What passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral artery and vein to reach the popliteal fossa

99
Q

Give the origin of gracilis

100
Q

Give the insertion of gracilis

101
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

102
Q

Which muscles doesnt the obturator nerve supply in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Pectineus

Hamstring part of adductor magnus

103
Q

Which nerve supplies the skin on the medial aspect of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

104
Q

Where does the obturator nerve pass out of the pelvis?

A

Obturator canal

105
Q

What is the obturator canal?

A

Small opening in the obturator membrane

106
Q

Where is the femoral triangle located?

A

Superior part of the anterior of the thigh

107
Q

Give the borders of the femoral triangle

A

Superior - inguinal ligament
Medial - medial border of adductor longus
Lateral - sartorius

108
Q

Which muscles form the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Adductor longus

109
Q

What does the femoral triangle contain?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal

110
Q

What is found in the femoral canal?

A

Lymphatics

111
Q

What surrounds the femoral artery, vein and canal?

A

Femoral sheath

112
Q

Where does the femoral nerve lie?

A

Lateral outside of the femoral sheath

113
Q

Give the walls of the canal the femoral vessels pass through

A

Roof - sartorius
Lateral wall - Vastus medius
Floor - adductor longus

114
Q

How do the vessels in the thigh gain access to the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Pass through the adductor hiatus

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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