Dissection of the hand

Question 1

What inserts into the hand?

Answer 1

Long tendons

Question 2

Which long tendon inserts into the 5th metacarpal?

Answer 2

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 3

What does flexor digitorum superficialis form?

Answer 3

4 muscle bellies that give off 4 tendons

Question 4

What does flexor digitorum profundus give off?

Answer 4

4 muscle bellies that give off 4 tendons

Question 5

Where does flexor digitorum profundus lay?

Answer 5

Deep to flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 6

Where do the superficialis tendons of 3 and 4 sit?

Answer 6

Above 2 and 5

Question 7

What happens to the tendons as they pass towards d2-5 through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 7

Enter fibrous digital sheaths

Question 8

Name the ligaments that form the fibrous digital sheaths

Answer 8

Annular

Cruciate

Question 9

What are the annular ligaments known as?

Answer 9

Pulleys

Question 10

What happens to the superficialis tendons in the digits?

Answer 10

Split to allow flexor digitorum profundus tendons to pass through

Question 11

Where do the flexor digitorum superficialis tendons insert?

Answer 11

Middle phalanx

Question 12

Where do flexor digitorum profundus tendons insert?

Answer 12

Distal phalanx

Question 13

Where does extensor carpi radialis longus sit?

Answer 13

Above extensor carpi radialis brevis

Question 14

Where does extensor carpi radialis longus insert?

Answer 14

second metacarpal

Question 15

Where does extensor carpi radialis brevis insert?

Answer 15

Third metacarpal

Question 16

What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis muscles?

Answer 16

Extend and adduct the wrist

Question 17

Where does extensor carpi ulnaris insert?

Answer 17

Base of fifth metacarpal

Question 18

What is the function of extensor carpi radialis?

Answer 18

Extend and adduct the wrist

Question 19

What does extensor digitorum give off?

Answer 19

4 tendons

Question 20

What does extensor digitorum do?

Answer 20

Extends wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints in proximal and distal d2-5

Question 21

What do the accessory extensor muscles join?

Answer 21

Extensor digitorum

Question 22

What forms the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 22

(from lateral to medial) the tendons of abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus

Question 23

What are the dorsal digital expansions, or extensor hoods? What are they formed from?

Answer 23

They are flattened aponeurotic ‘hoods’ of connective tissue over the dorsum of each finger that are formed from the tendons of extensor digitorum

Question 24

What 3 areas can the palmar surface be divided into?

Answer 24

Central palmar area
Thenar eminence
Hypothenar eminence

Question 25

What extends over the central palmar area?

Answer 25

Palmar aponeurosis

Question 26

Describe the structure of the palmar aponeurosis

Answer 26

It extends distally from the flexor retinaculum and divides into slips, one to each of the digits 2 to 5. Each slip is attached to the fibrous flexor sheath of each digit

Question 27

What constitutes the thenar eminence?

Answer 27

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis

Question 28

Where do the thenar eminence muscles originate?

Answer 28

flexor retinaculum and the most lateral carpal bones.

Question 29

Where do the abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis muscles insert?

Answer 29

Proximal phalanx of the thumb

Question 30

What is the function of the abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis muscles?

Answer 30

Abduct and flex the thumb

Question 31

Where does the opponens pollicis muscle lay?

Answer 31

deep to abductor and flexor pollicis brevis

Question 32

Where does opponens pollicis muscle insert?

Answer 32

First metacarpal

Question 33

What is the function of opponens pollicis?

Answer 33

brings the thumb into contact with the little finger, thereby performing the movement of opposition.

Question 34

Name the muscles that constitute the hypothenar eminence

Answer 34

abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi.

Question 35

Where do the hypothenar eminence muscles originate?

Answer 35

flexor retinaculum and the most medial carpal bones.

Question 36

Where do the abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi muscles insert?

Answer 36

proximal phalanx of digit 5 and abduct and flex the little finger respectively.

Question 37

Where does opponens digiti minimi lay?

Answer 37

deep to the abductor and flexor digiti minimi

Question 38

Where does opponens digiti minimi insert?

Answer 38

5th metacarpal

Question 39

What is the function of opponens digiti minimi?

Answer 39

bring the little finger towards the thumb during opposition.

Question 40

How many lumbrical muscles are there?

Answer 40

4

Question 41

Where do the lumbrical muscles sit?

Answer 41

on the radial side of the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus.

Question 42

Give the origin of the lumbrical muscles

Answer 42

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 43

Where do the lumbrical muscles insert?

Answer 43

dorsal digital expansion

Question 44

Name the two groups of interossei muscles

Answer 44

dorsal interossei and the palmar interossei

Question 45

Where do the dorsal interossei muscles originate?

Answer 45

sides of the metacarpal bones

Question 46

Where do the dorsal interossei muscles insert?

Answer 46

dorsal digital expansion

Question 47

Give the origin of the 3 palmar interossei muscles

Answer 47

2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals

Question 48

Give the insertion of the 3 palmar interossei muscles

Answer 48

dorsal digital expansions

Question 49

Where does the adductor pollicis muscle lay?

Answer 49

Deep to the thenar muscles

Question 50

Name the two heads of adductor pollicis

Answer 50

Transverse | Oblique

Question 51

Give the origin of the transverse head

Answer 51

third metacarpal

Question 52

Give the origin of the oblique head

Answer 52

second and third metacarpals and adjacent carpal bones.

Question 53

Where do the heads of adductor pollicis insert?

Answer 53

base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Question 54

What is the function of adductor pollicis?

Answer 54

bring the abducted thumb back into contact with the index finger

Question 55

Describe the blood supply in the hand

Answer 55

ulnar artery is relatively superficial and passes into the palm of the hand lateral to the pisiform bone. The ulnar artery proceeds into the palm of the hand to form the main part of the superficial palmar arch, which is superficial relative to the long flexor tendons. From the convexity of this arch, three digital arteries arise that divide to supply blood to adjacent sides of the digits.

Question 56

Which artery does the superficial palmar arch join?

Answer 56

Radial artery

Question 57

What does the radial artery form in the palm?

Answer 57

Deep palmar arch

Question 58

Name the nerves which supply d1-half of d3

Answer 58

Digital nerves

Question 59

What are digital nerves a branch of?

Answer 59

Median nerve

Question 60

What supplies the thenar muscles?

Answer 60

Recurrent branch

Question 61

What does the ulnar nerve divide into at the wrist?

Answer 61

Deep and cutaneous nerves