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Module 204 Theme 2 > Anatomy of the shoulder region > Flashcards

Anatomy of the shoulder region Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle

Scapula

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2
Q

Name the two joints in the shoulder region

A

Glenohumeral

Acromioclavicular

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3
Q

What is the function of ligaments in the shoulder region?

A

Stabilize/support the shoulder region

Very strong

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4
Q

Name some ligaments found in the shoulder region

A

Coracoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Coracoacromial
Glenohumeral - superior, middle and inferior

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5
Q

Where are the attachments of the ligaments of the shoulder found?

A

In the name of the ligament

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6
Q

Describe coracoclavicular ligament

A

2 parts

Major stabilizing ligament

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7
Q

Describe coracoacromial ligament

A

Forms arch
Provides support for head of the humerus
Prevents superior dislocation

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8
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket joint

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9
Q

Describe the mobility of the glenohumeral joint

A

Highly mobile

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10
Q

List the movements carried out by the glenohumeral joint

A

Abduction/adduction
Flexion/extension
Lateral/medial rotation
Circumduction

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11
Q

Which muscles allows abduction of the arm?

A

Deltoid
Trapezius
Serratus anterior

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12
Q

Give the origin of the deltoid

A

Spine of scapula, acromion and clavicle

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13
Q

Give the insertion of the deltoid

A

Deltoid tuberosity

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14
Q

Which nerve supplies the deltoid?

A

Axillary

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15
Q

What do the posterior fibres of the deltoid do?

A

Extension and lateral rotation

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16
Q

What do the anterior fibres of the deltoid do?

A

Flexion and medial rotation

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17
Q

Which muscles allow adduction of the arm?

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

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18
Q

What does brachialis do?

A

Flexes forearm

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19
Q

Which muscles flex the arm?

A

Anterior fibres of deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Long and short head of biceps

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20
Q

Which muscles extend the arm?

A

Posterior fibres of deltoid

Long head of triceps

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21
Q

Which muscles extend the forearm?

A

Lateral head of triceps

Medial head of triceps

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22
Q

Describe the stability of the glenohumeral joint

A

Unstable structure - common site of dislocation

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23
Q

What type of dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is the most common?

A

Anterior dislocation

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24
Q

Describe an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint

A

Humeral head descends inferiorly and ends up anterior

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25
Q

List 5 factors increasing stability in the shoulder region

A

Coracoacromial arch
Glenohumeral ligaments
Deepening of glenoid fossa by glenoid labrum
Long heads of bicep (above) and triceps (below)
Tendons of rotator cuff muscles

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26
Q

What is the function of the coracoacromial arch?

A

Prevents superior dislocation

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27
Q

What is the function of the glenohumeral ligaments?

A

Supports anterior of joint

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28
Q

How many glenohumeral ligaments are there?

A

3 - superior, middle and inferior

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29
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

A

Deepens the glenoid fossa

30
Q

What is the origin of the long head of biceps

A

Supraglenoid tubercle

31
Q

Where does the long head of biceps pass?

A

Through jo capsule

32
Q

What is the origin of the long head of triceps?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle

33
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

4 muscles

34
Q

Where do the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles insert?

A

On humerus close to the joint

35
Q

Describe the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles

A

Fuse with the joint capsule

Form cuff around the joint

36
Q

Describe the location of the rotator cuff muscles

A

Surrounds joint on all sides except inferiorly

37
Q

Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

38
Q

Which rotator cuff muscles insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

39
Q

Give the insertion of subscapularis muscle

A

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

40
Q

Give the origin of subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa

41
Q

Give the origin of supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa

42
Q

Give the origin of infraspinatus

A

Infraspinous fossa

43
Q

Give the origin of teres minor

A

Lateral border of scapula

44
Q

What is the overall function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Stabilise humeral head on glenoid fossa

45
Q

Give the function of supraspinatus

A

Initiate abduction

46
Q

Give the function of infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation

47
Q

Give the function of teres minor

A

Lateral rotation

48
Q

Give the function of subscapularis

A

Medial rotation

49
Q

Which other muscle should be considered with the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Teres major

50
Q

What is the function of teres major?

A

Medial rotation

Stabilises the humerus during abduction - eccentric contraction

51
Q

Give the origin of teres major

A

Inferior angle of scapula

52
Q

Give the insertion of teres major

A

Medial lip of bicipital groove

53
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle is the most commonly injured?

A

Supraspinatus

54
Q

Why is supraspinatus most commonly injured?

A

Limited space for tendon under coracoacromial arch

55
Q

What is supraspinatus impingement?

A

Impingement due to repetitive overhead activities

Common in athletes (throwers)

56
Q

Give the name of the blood supply to the shoulder

A

Scapula anastomosis

57
Q

What is the function of the scapular anastomosis

A

Allows rich continuous supply of blood to the shoulder region during movement

58
Q

Where does the scapular anasomiss come from?

A

From subclavian and axillary arteries

59
Q

Describe the components of the scapular anastomosis

A

Suprascapular
Subscapular
Dorsal scapular

60
Q

Where is the nerve supply to the shoulder from?

A

Brachial plexus

  • posterior cord
  • suprascapular nerve from superior trunk
61
Q

Where are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Within axilla

Below pectoralis minor

62
Q

What does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Deltoid and teres minor

Sensory to badge area

63
Q

What does the radial nerve supply?

A

Triceps brachii

64
Q

What do the upper and lower subscapular nerves supply?

A

Subscapularis

Teres major

65
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve supply?

A

Latissimus dorsi

66
Q

What is the clinical significance of fracture to surgical neck of humerus?

A

Can damage nerves and vessels in the quadrangular space

67
Q

List the borders of the quadrangular space

A

Teres minor
Humerus
Teres major
Long head of triceps

68
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

Arm flexors

69
Q

What does lateral pectoral nerve supply?

A

Pectoralis major

70
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve supply?

A

Pectoralis minor/major

71
Q

What is the function of the medial cord?

A

Gives off medial cutaneous nerves to arm and forearm

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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