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Module 204 Theme 2 > Imaging the upper limb > Flashcards

Imaging the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the best imaging modality used to look at bone?

A

Xray

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2
Q

Which imaging modalities are used to look at soft tissue?

A

Ultrasound
CT
MRI

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3
Q

Which imaging modality is the best to look at soft tissue?

A

MRI

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4
Q

When is fluoroscopy used?

A

To highlight structures such as the glenoid labrum

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5
Q

What is fluoroscopy?

A

Where a dye is injected into the joint to highliht structures

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6
Q

What shoulder anatomy can be seen on an xray?

A 
ACJ
Humeral head
Glenoid fossa
Scapula
Coracoid
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7
Q

What is a CT of the shoulder used for?

A

Joints
Bones
Muscle
Other soft tissue

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8
Q

What soft tissues are there in the shoulder?

A

Rotator cuff
Glenoid labrum
Deltoid
Triceps brachii

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9
Q

What muscles constitute the rotator cuff in radiology?

A

Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Biceps tendon
Subscapularis

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10
Q

How is the glenoid labrum imaged?

A

MRI with dye

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11
Q

What do bulges on the sternoclavicular joint signify?

A

Osteoarthritis

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12
Q

What can be seen on an X-ray of the elbow?

A

Radial head
Olecranon
Ulna
Distal humerus

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13
Q

List the flexors of the elbow

A 
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis 
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis 
Flexor carpi ulnaris
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14
Q

Where is the common flexor origin?

A

Medial epicondyle

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15
Q

List the extensors of the elbow

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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16
Q

Where is the common extensor origin?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

17
Q

What is golfers elbow?

A

Inflammation of CFO

18
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

Inflammation of CEO

19
Q

What bones can be seen in the X-ray of the wrist?

A

Radius
Ulna
Carpal bones
Metacarpals

20
Q

List the carpal bones

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquteal/triqeutm 
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
21
Q

What is the clinical significance of the scaphoid

A

Fracture leads to avascular necrosis

22
Q

What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

23
Q

Where does the carpal tunnel attach?

A

Pisiform and hammate

24
Q

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

A

Flexor tendons

Median nerve

25
Q

What does compression of the carpal tunnel cause?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

26
Q

What is caused by carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Atrophy of the thenar eminence
Weakness of flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis and abductor pollicis brevis
Sensory loss in digits supplied by median nerve

27
Q

Which digits does the median nerve supply?

A

D1- half D4

28
Q

How is carpal tunnel diagnosed by imaging?

A

MRI of carpal tunnel - thickening of the flexor retinaculum

29
Q

What can be seen on X-ray of the hand?

A

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges - proximal, middle and distal

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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