Imaging the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the best imaging modality used to look at bone?

A

Xray

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2
Q

Which imaging modalities are used to look at soft tissue?

A

Ultrasound
CT
MRI

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3
Q

Which imaging modality is the best to look at soft tissue?

A

MRI

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4
Q

When is fluoroscopy used?

A

To highlight structures such as the glenoid labrum

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5
Q

What is fluoroscopy?

A

Where a dye is injected into the joint to highliht structures

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6
Q

What shoulder anatomy can be seen on an xray?

A
ACJ
Humeral head
Glenoid fossa
Scapula
Coracoid
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7
Q

What is a CT of the shoulder used for?

A

Joints
Bones
Muscle
Other soft tissue

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8
Q

What soft tissues are there in the shoulder?

A

Rotator cuff
Glenoid labrum
Deltoid
Triceps brachii

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9
Q

What muscles constitute the rotator cuff in radiology?

A

Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Biceps tendon
Subscapularis

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10
Q

How is the glenoid labrum imaged?

A

MRI with dye

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11
Q

What do bulges on the sternoclavicular joint signify?

A

Osteoarthritis

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12
Q

What can be seen on an X-ray of the elbow?

A

Radial head
Olecranon
Ulna
Distal humerus

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13
Q

List the flexors of the elbow

A
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis 
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis 
Flexor carpi ulnaris
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14
Q

Where is the common flexor origin?

A

Medial epicondyle

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15
Q

List the extensors of the elbow

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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16
Q

Where is the common extensor origin?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

17
Q

What is golfers elbow?

A

Inflammation of CFO

18
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

Inflammation of CEO

19
Q

What bones can be seen in the X-ray of the wrist?

A

Radius
Ulna
Carpal bones
Metacarpals

20
Q

List the carpal bones

A
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquteal/triqeutm 
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
21
Q

What is the clinical significance of the scaphoid

A

Fracture leads to avascular necrosis

22
Q

What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

23
Q

Where does the carpal tunnel attach?

A

Pisiform and hammate

24
Q

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

A

Flexor tendons

Median nerve

25
What does compression of the carpal tunnel cause?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
26
What is caused by carpal tunnel syndrome?
Atrophy of the thenar eminence Weakness of flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis and abductor pollicis brevis Sensory loss in digits supplied by median nerve
27
Which digits does the median nerve supply?
D1- half D4
28
How is carpal tunnel diagnosed by imaging?
MRI of carpal tunnel - thickening of the flexor retinaculum
29
What can be seen on X-ray of the hand?
Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges - proximal, middle and distal