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Module 204 Theme 2 > Anatomy of the hand > Flashcards

Anatomy of the hand Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones found in the hand

A

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

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2
Q

Name the carpal bones

A 
Lunate
Scaphoid
Triquteal/triquteum 
Pisiform 
Trapezium
Trapezoid  
Capitate 
Hamate
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3
Q

What is the clinical significance of a fracture to the scaphoid column?

A

slow recovery - poor blood supply to proximal part: avascular necrosis

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4
Q

Name the joints of the hand

A 
Wrist (radiocarpal)
Midcarpal/intercarpal 
Carpometacarpal 
Metacarpophalangeal 
Interphalangeal
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5
Q

Where is the wrist (radiocarpal) joint located?

A

Between radius/disc and first carpal row

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6
Q

What reinforces the radiocarpal joint?

A

Ligaments

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7
Q

What is the function of the radial and ulnar ligaments?

A

Limits abduction/adduction

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8
Q

What is the function of the ligaments on the palmar and dorsal surfaces?

A

Limits extension and flexion

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9
Q

What is the function of the radial styloid process?

A

Limits range of abduction

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10
Q

What movements does the wrist perform?

A

Flexion/extension
Circumduction
Abduction/adduction

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11
Q

What type of joints are the carpometacarpal?

A

Planar - limited movement

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12
Q

Where is the saddle joint located?

A

Carpometacarpal of the thumb - opposable thumb

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13
Q

Name the movements of the thumb

A

extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, opposition, reposition

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14
Q

What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

Condylar joints

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15
Q

What movements do the metacarpophalangeal joints perform?

A

Flexion/extension

Abduction/adduction

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16
Q

Describe the deep transverse metacarpal ligament

A
  • Unifies metacarpals

- Not between digit 1 and 2

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17
Q

What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?

A

Hinge joints

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18
Q

What movement do the interphalangeal joints perform?

A

Flexion/extension

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19
Q

Name the two interphalangeal joints

A

Proximal

Distal

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20
Q

Describe the palmar aponeurosis

A

Thickened deep fascia

Triangular

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21
Q

What is the palmar aponeurosis continuous with?

A

Palmaris longus

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22
Q

What is the clinical significance of the palmar aponeurosis?

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

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23
Q

Describe the travel of the long flexor tendons to the digits

A

From muscles in anterior forearm

Pass through carpal tunnel

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24
Q

What digits do Flexor digitorum superficialis and Flexor digitorum profundus extend to?

A

d2-5

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25
Which digit does Flexor pollicis longus extend to?
d1
26
What is the function of Flexor retinaculum | (transverse carpal ligament)?
Prevents bowing of tendons
27
Which long extensor tendons innervate d2-d5
Extensor digitorum Extensor indicis Extensor digit minimi
28
Which long extensor tendons innervate d1?
Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus
29
Give the borders of the anatomical snuffbox
Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus
30
Where does abductor pollicis longus insert?
To base of 1st metacarpal
31
Where does extensor pollicis brevis insert?
To base of proximal phalanx
32
Where does extensor pollicis longus insert?
To base of distal phalanx
33
What inserts into the extensor hoods?
Lumbricals and interossei
34
Describe lumbricals
Link flexor to extensor tendons - Extend interphalangeal joints and flex MCP joints - Precision grip (hold pen / pinch)
35
Describe the palmar interossei
``` Interossei sit between the metacarpals Palmar adduct (PAD) MCP joints ```
36
How many palmar interossei are there?
3
37
Where are there no palmar interossei?
No palmar interossei for D1 (performed by adductor pollicis muscle) or D3
38
How many dorsal interossei are there?
4
39
Describe the function of dorsal interossei
Dorsal abduct (DAB) MCP joints
40
Where are there no dorsal interossei?
No dorsal interossei for D1 or D5 (performed by thenar and hypothenar muscles
41
What is the function of the thenar muscles?
Fine movements of the thumb (d1)
42
What is the function of the hypothenar muscles?
Fine movements of the little finger (d5)
43
Where do the thenar and hypothenar muscles originate?
flexor retinaculum and adjacent carpal bones
44
Name the 3 thenar muscles
Opponens pollicis (deepest) Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis
45
Where does opponens pollicis insert?
Into first metacarpal
46
Where do abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis insert?
Into proximal phalanx
47
Name the 3 hypothenar muscles
Opponens digiti minimi (deepest) Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi
48
Where does opponens digiti minimi insert?
Into fifth metacarpal
49
Where do abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis insert?
Into proximal phalanx
50
Which muscles are involved in adduction of the thumb
Adductor pollicis:
51
Name the heads of the adductor pollicis muscle
Oblique and transverse
52
Where does the oblique head of adductor pollicis originate?
Base 2nd and 3rd metacarpal + carpal bones
53
Where does the oblique head of adductor pollicis insert?
Proximal phalanx
54
Where does the transverse head of adductor pollicis originate?
3rd metacarpal
55
Where does the transverse head of adductor pollicis insert?
Proximal phalanx
56
Where is adductor pollicis found?
Deep to the thenar muscles
57
Which arteries anastomose at the hand
Radial and ulnar artery
58
Where is the deep palmar arch located?
Below long flexor tendons
59
Which artery is the main supply to D1 and D2?
Radial artery
60
Where is the superficial palmar arch located?
Above long flexor tendons
61
Which artery is the main supply to half D2to D5?
Ulnar artery
62
Where does the median nerve pass?
Passes through the carpal tunnel
63
What is the function of the digital nerves?
Lateral 2 lumbricals | Sensory d1 to ½ d4
64
What is the clinical significance of the median nerve?
Carpal tunnel
65
What is the clinical significance of the ulnar nerve?
Clawed hand
66
What is the function of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve?
Hypothenar muscles Interossei Medial 2 lumbricals Adductor pollicis
67
What is the function of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve?
Sensory ½ d4 and d5

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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