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Module 204 Theme 2 > Anatomy of the hand > Flashcards

Anatomy of the hand Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones found in the hand

A

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

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2
Q

Name the carpal bones

A 
Lunate
Scaphoid
Triquteal/triquteum 
Pisiform 
Trapezium
Trapezoid  
Capitate 
Hamate
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3
Q

What is the clinical significance of a fracture to the scaphoid column?

A

slow recovery - poor blood supply to proximal part: avascular necrosis

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4
Q

Name the joints of the hand

A 
Wrist (radiocarpal)
Midcarpal/intercarpal 
Carpometacarpal 
Metacarpophalangeal 
Interphalangeal
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5
Q

Where is the wrist (radiocarpal) joint located?

A

Between radius/disc and first carpal row

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6
Q

What reinforces the radiocarpal joint?

A

Ligaments

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7
Q

What is the function of the radial and ulnar ligaments?

A

Limits abduction/adduction

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8
Q

What is the function of the ligaments on the palmar and dorsal surfaces?

A

Limits extension and flexion

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9
Q

What is the function of the radial styloid process?

A

Limits range of abduction

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10
Q

What movements does the wrist perform?

A

Flexion/extension
Circumduction
Abduction/adduction

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11
Q

What type of joints are the carpometacarpal?

A

Planar - limited movement

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12
Q

Where is the saddle joint located?

A

Carpometacarpal of the thumb - opposable thumb

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13
Q

Name the movements of the thumb

A

extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, opposition, reposition

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14
Q

What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

Condylar joints

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15
Q

What movements do the metacarpophalangeal joints perform?

A

Flexion/extension

Abduction/adduction

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16
Q

Describe the deep transverse metacarpal ligament

A
  • Unifies metacarpals

- Not between digit 1 and 2

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17
Q

What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?

A

Hinge joints

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18
Q

What movement do the interphalangeal joints perform?

A

Flexion/extension

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19
Q

Name the two interphalangeal joints

A

Proximal

Distal

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20
Q

Describe the palmar aponeurosis

A

Thickened deep fascia

Triangular

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21
Q

What is the palmar aponeurosis continuous with?

A

Palmaris longus

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22
Q

What is the clinical significance of the palmar aponeurosis?

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

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23
Q

Describe the travel of the long flexor tendons to the digits

A

From muscles in anterior forearm

Pass through carpal tunnel

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24
Q

What digits do Flexor digitorum superficialis and Flexor digitorum profundus extend to?

A

d2-5

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25
Q

Which digit does Flexor pollicis longus extend to?

A

d1

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26
Q

What is the function of Flexor retinaculum

(transverse carpal ligament)?

A

Prevents bowing of tendons

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27
Q

Which long extensor tendons innervate d2-d5

A

Extensor digitorum

Extensor indicis

Extensor digit minimi

28
Q

Which long extensor tendons innervate d1?

A

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis longus

29
Q

Give the borders of the anatomical snuffbox

A

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis longus

30
Q

Where does abductor pollicis longus insert?

A

To base of 1st metacarpal

31
Q

Where does extensor pollicis brevis insert?

A

To base of proximal phalanx

32
Q

Where does extensor pollicis longus insert?

A

To base of distal phalanx

33
Q

What inserts into the extensor hoods?

A

Lumbricals and interossei

34
Q

Describe lumbricals

A

Link flexor to extensor tendons

	- Extend interphalangeal joints and flex MCP joints 
	- Precision grip (hold pen / pinch)
35
Q

Describe the palmar interossei

A 
Interossei sit between the metacarpals
Palmar adduct (PAD) MCP joints
36
Q

How many palmar interossei are there?

A

3

37
Q

Where are there no palmar interossei?

A

No palmar interossei for D1 (performed by adductor pollicis muscle) or D3

38
Q

How many dorsal interossei are there?

A

4

39
Q

Describe the function of dorsal interossei

A

Dorsal abduct (DAB) MCP joints

40
Q

Where are there no dorsal interossei?

A

No dorsal interossei for D1 or D5 (performed by thenar and hypothenar muscles

41
Q

What is the function of the thenar muscles?

A

Fine movements of the thumb (d1)

42
Q

What is the function of the hypothenar muscles?

A

Fine movements of the little finger (d5)

43
Q

Where do the thenar and hypothenar muscles originate?

A

flexor retinaculum and adjacent carpal bones

44
Q

Name the 3 thenar muscles

A

Opponens pollicis (deepest)
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

45
Q

Where does opponens pollicis insert?

A

Into first metacarpal

46
Q

Where do abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis insert?

A

Into proximal phalanx

47
Q

Name the 3 hypothenar muscles

A

Opponens digiti minimi (deepest)
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi

48
Q

Where does opponens digiti minimi insert?

A

Into fifth metacarpal

49
Q

Where do abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis insert?

A

Into proximal phalanx

50
Q

Which muscles are involved in adduction of the thumb

A

Adductor pollicis:

51
Q

Name the heads of the adductor pollicis muscle

A

Oblique and transverse

52
Q

Where does the oblique head of adductor pollicis originate?

A

Base 2nd and 3rd metacarpal + carpal bones

53
Q

Where does the oblique head of adductor pollicis insert?

A

Proximal phalanx

54
Q

Where does the transverse head of adductor pollicis originate?

A

3rd metacarpal

55
Q

Where does the transverse head of adductor pollicis insert?

A

Proximal phalanx

56
Q

Where is adductor pollicis found?

A

Deep to the thenar muscles

57
Q

Which arteries anastomose at the hand

A

Radial and ulnar artery

58
Q

Where is the deep palmar arch located?

A

Below long flexor tendons

59
Q

Which artery is the main supply to D1 and D2?

A

Radial artery

60
Q

Where is the superficial palmar arch located?

A

Above long flexor tendons

61
Q

Which artery is the main supply to half D2to D5?

A

Ulnar artery

62
Q

Where does the median nerve pass?

A

Passes through the carpal tunnel

63
Q

What is the function of the digital nerves?

A

Lateral 2 lumbricals

Sensory d1 to ½ d4

64
Q

What is the clinical significance of the median nerve?

A

Carpal tunnel

65
Q

What is the clinical significance of the ulnar nerve?

A

Clawed hand

66
Q

What is the function of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve?

A

Hypothenar muscles
Interossei
Medial 2 lumbricals
Adductor pollicis

67
Q

What is the function of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve?

A

Sensory ½ d4 and d5

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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