Anatomy of the forearm

Question 1

Name the skeletal components of the forearm

Answer 1

Radius - head, radial tuberosity, styloid process of the radius
Ulnar - Olecranon, trochlea notch, ulna notch, styloid process the ulna

Question 2

What is between the radius and ulnar?

Answer 2

Interosseous membrane

Question 3

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 3

Synovial hinge joint

Question 4

What movement does the forearm do?

Answer 4

Flexion/extension

Question 5

What does the head of the radius articulate with?

Answer 5

Capitulum

Question 6

What type of joint is the radioulnar joint?

Answer 6

Pivot joint

Question 7

What movement does the radioulnar joint do?

Answer 7

Supination/pronation

Question 8

What is the function of ligaments?

Answer 8

Stabilise/strengthen the joint

Question 9

List some ligaments

Answer 9

Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Annular ligament

Question 10

What is the cubital fossa?

Answer 10

Triangle region over the anterior elbow

Question 11

Where is the cubital fossa located?

Answer 11

Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Point where pronator teres crosses with brachioradialis

Question 12

Which tendon passes through the cubital fossa?

Answer 12

Biceps tendon

Question 13

Which nerves pass through the cubital fossa

Answer 13

Lateral cutaneous nerve to forearm

Median nerve

Question 14

What is the median cubital vein important for?

Answer 14

Venepuncture

Question 15

Where is the median cubital vein?

Answer 15

Between the basilic and cephalic vein

Question 16

Name the two compartments of the forearm

Answer 16

Flexor compartments

Extensor compartments

Question 17

What do the long tendons of the forearm enter?

Answer 17

The hand

Question 18

Where do the superficial and intermediate muscles of the hand originate?

Answer 18

From common flexor origin

Question 19

What is golfers elbow?

Answer 19

Epicondylitis at CFO (tendon inflammation due to overuse/excessive gripping)

Question 20

Name the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

Answer 20

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 21

Where is the common flexor origin?

Answer 21

Medial epicondyle

Question 22

Name the intermediate muscles of the forearm

Answer 22

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 23

Name the deep muscles of the anterior forearm

Answer 23

Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus

Question 24

Where is the extensor compartment of the forearm?

Answer 24

Posterior forearm

Question 25

List the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

Answer 25

Extensor carpi radialis longs/brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 26

What is tennis elbow?

Answer 26

Epicondylitis at CEO (tendon inflammation due to overuse/forceful extension)

Question 27

What does anconeus do?

Answer 27

stabilises elbow

Question 28

What does brachioradialis ?

Answer 28

Flexor when half protonated

Question 29

List the deep muscles of the posterior forearm

Answer 29

``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis ```

Question 30

Which 3 muscles form the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 30

Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus

Question 31

Which muscles perform wrist abduction and adduction?

Answer 31

Carpi muscles

Question 32

Which muscles perform wrist abduction?

Answer 32

- Flexor carpi radialis | - Extensor carpi radialis (longus + brevis)

Question 33

Which muscles perform wrist adduction?

Answer 33

- Flexor carpi ulnaris | - Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 34

What do the deep muscles of the posterior forearm do?

Answer 34

Together muscles splint the wrist to allow fine movements of the hand

Question 35

List the muscles involved in supination

Answer 35

Biceps brachii | Supinator

Question 36

List the muscles involved in pronation

Answer 36

Pronator teres | Pronator quadratus

Question 37

Describe the movement of the radius and ulna during pronation

Answer 37

Radius rotates over the ulna

Question 38

What is the carpal tunnel?

Answer 38

Tunnel for flexor tendons to digits and median nerve

Question 39

What is the function of the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 39

Prevents bowing of tendons

Question 40

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

Answer 40

Median nerve Flexor policis longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 41

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 41

– median nerve compression | Due to increased pressure in carpal tunnel – associated with trauma, obesity, pregnancy

Question 42

What is the function of the flexor retinaculum

Answer 42

- Prevents bowing of tendons | - Separates tendons into compartments

Question 43

Where does the extensor digitorum insert?

Answer 43

Into middle and distal phalanx

Question 44

Where does the flexor digitorum insert?

Answer 44

Into distal phalanx

Question 45

Where does the flexor digitorum superficialis insert?

Answer 45

Into middle phalanx

Question 46

Where does the brachial artery divide?

Answer 46

Radial artery | Ulnar artery

Question 47

Which muscle overlies radial artery?

Answer 47

Brachioradialis

Question 48

Which muscle overlies ulnar artery

Answer 48

- Under flexor carpi ulnaris | - Gives off common interosseous

Question 49

Describe the nerve supply to the forearm

Answer 49

Musculocutaneous nerve Radial nerve Median nerve Ulnar nerve

Question 50

Describe the location of the median nerve

Answer 50

Lies mid forearm between FDS and FDP Branch - Anterior interosseous nerve (to deep flexor muscles) Passes through carpal tunnel

Question 51

What is the function of the median nerve?

Answer 51

Motor supply to anterior compartment except FCU/medial part of FDP Sensory supply to lateral palm + d1, d2, d3, ½ d4

Question 52

What is the function of the ulnar nerve?

Answer 52

Motor supply to FCU and medial part FDP | Sensory supply to medial hand including ½ d4 + d5

Question 53

What is the clinical significance of the ulnar nerve?

Answer 53

Cubital tunnel syndrome

Question 54

Give the location of the radial nerve

Answer 54

Enters forearm on lateral side under brachioradialis

Question 55

Name and describe the branches of the radial nerve

Answer 55

``` Superficial branch (sensory) Under brachioradialis Winds round to dorsum of hand ``` Deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (motor) Passes through supinator muscle Enters extensor compartment

Question 56

What is the function of the radial nerve?

Answer 56

Deep branch supplies posterior compartment | Superficial branch supplies lat dorsum hand

Question 57

Give the clinical significance of the radial nerve

Answer 57

Wrist drop