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Module 204 Theme 2 > Anatomy of the forearm > Flashcards

Anatomy of the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Name the skeletal components of the forearm

A

Radius - head, radial tuberosity, styloid process of the radius
Ulnar - Olecranon, trochlea notch, ulna notch, styloid process the ulna

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2
Q

What is between the radius and ulnar?

A

Interosseous membrane

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3
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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4
Q

What movement does the forearm do?

A

Flexion/extension

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5
Q

What does the head of the radius articulate with?

A

Capitulum

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6
Q

What type of joint is the radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot joint

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7
Q

What movement does the radioulnar joint do?

A

Supination/pronation

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8
Q

What is the function of ligaments?

A

Stabilise/strengthen the joint

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9
Q

List some ligaments

A

Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Annular ligament

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10
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

Triangle region over the anterior elbow

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11
Q

Where is the cubital fossa located?

A

Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Point where pronator teres crosses with brachioradialis

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12
Q

Which tendon passes through the cubital fossa?

A

Biceps tendon

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13
Q

Which nerves pass through the cubital fossa

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve to forearm

Median nerve

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14
Q

What is the median cubital vein important for?

A

Venepuncture

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15
Q

Where is the median cubital vein?

A

Between the basilic and cephalic vein

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16
Q

Name the two compartments of the forearm

A

Flexor compartments

Extensor compartments

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17
Q

What do the long tendons of the forearm enter?

A

The hand

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18
Q

Where do the superficial and intermediate muscles of the hand originate?

A

From common flexor origin

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19
Q

What is golfers elbow?

A

Epicondylitis at CFO (tendon inflammation due to overuse/excessive gripping)

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20
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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21
Q

Where is the common flexor origin?

A

Medial epicondyle

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22
Q

Name the intermediate muscles of the forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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23
Q

Name the deep muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus

24
Q

Where is the extensor compartment of the forearm?

A

Posterior forearm

25
Q

List the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

A

Extensor carpi radialis longs/brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

26
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

Epicondylitis at CEO (tendon inflammation due to overuse/forceful extension)

27
Q

What does anconeus do?

A

stabilises elbow

28
Q

What does brachioradialis ?

A

Flexor when half protonated

29
Q

List the deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis 
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
30
Q

Which 3 muscles form the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus

31
Q

Which muscles perform wrist abduction and adduction?

A

Carpi muscles

32
Q

Which muscles perform wrist abduction?

A
  • Flexor carpi radialis

- Extensor carpi radialis (longus + brevis)

33
Q

Which muscles perform wrist adduction?

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

- Extensor carpi ulnaris

34
Q

What do the deep muscles of the posterior forearm do?

A

Together muscles splint the wrist to allow fine movements of the hand

35
Q

List the muscles involved in supination

A

Biceps brachii

Supinator

36
Q

List the muscles involved in pronation

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

37
Q

Describe the movement of the radius and ulna during pronation

A

Radius rotates over the ulna

38
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

Tunnel for flexor tendons to digits and median nerve

39
Q

What is the function of the flexor retinaculum?

A

Prevents bowing of tendons

40
Q

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

A

Median nerve
Flexor policis longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis

41
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

– median nerve compression

Due to increased pressure in carpal tunnel – associated with trauma, obesity, pregnancy

42
Q

What is the function of the flexor retinaculum

A
  • Prevents bowing of tendons

- Separates tendons into compartments

43
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum insert?

A

Into middle and distal phalanx

44
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum insert?

A

Into distal phalanx

45
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum superficialis insert?

A

Into middle phalanx

46
Q

Where does the brachial artery divide?

A

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

47
Q

Which muscle overlies radial artery?

A

Brachioradialis

48
Q

Which muscle overlies ulnar artery

A
  • Under flexor carpi ulnaris

- Gives off common interosseous

49
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the forearm

A

Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve

50
Q

Describe the location of the median nerve

A

Lies mid forearm between FDS and FDP

Branch - Anterior interosseous nerve
(to deep flexor muscles)

Passes through carpal tunnel

51
Q

What is the function of the median nerve?

A

Motor supply to anterior compartment except FCU/medial part of FDP
Sensory supply to lateral palm + d1, d2, d3, ½ d4

52
Q

What is the function of the ulnar nerve?

A

Motor supply to FCU and medial part FDP

Sensory supply to medial hand including ½ d4 + d5

53
Q

What is the clinical significance of the ulnar nerve?

A

Cubital tunnel syndrome

54
Q

Give the location of the radial nerve

A

Enters forearm on lateral side under brachioradialis

55
Q

Name and describe the branches of the radial nerve

A 
Superficial branch (sensory)
			Under brachioradialis
			Winds round to dorsum of hand
Deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (motor)
		Passes through supinator muscle
		Enters extensor compartment
56
Q

What is the function of the radial nerve?

A

Deep branch supplies posterior compartment

Superficial branch supplies lat dorsum hand

57
Q

Give the clinical significance of the radial nerve

A

Wrist drop

Module 204 Theme 2 (31 decks)

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